CVE-2025-65855

Description

The OTA firmware update mechanism in Netun Solutions HelpFlash IoT (firmware v18_178_221102_ASCII_PRO_1R5_50) uses hard-coded WiFi credentials identical across all devices and does not authenticate update servers or validate firmware signatures. An attacker with brief physical access can activate OTA mode (8-second button press), create a malicious WiFi AP using the known credentials, and serve malicious firmware via unauthenticated HTTP to achieve arbitrary code execution on this safety-critical emergency signaling device.

CVSS Details

CVSS Score

6.6

Severity

MEDIUM

CVSS Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Configurations (Affected Products)

cpe:2.3:o:netun:helpflash_iot_firmware:18_178_221102_ascii_pro_1r5_50:*:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:h:netun:helpflash_iot:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* - NOT VULNERABLE

HelpFlash IoT固件 v18_178_221102_ASCII_PRO_1R5_50

PoC / Exploit Code

⚠ For Security Research Only

The following code is for security research and authorized testing only.

python

暂无可用PoC

References

[1] CVE.org https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-65855
[2] NVD NIST https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-65855
[3] CVE Details https://www.cvedetails.com/cve/CVE-2025-65855/
[4] VulDB https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2025-65855
[5] https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/v4.3.2/
[6] https://luismirandaacebedo.github.io/CVE-2025-65855/

Raw JSON Data

JSON

{"cve": {"id": "CVE-2025-65855", "sourceIdentifier": "[email protected]", "published": "2025-12-17T17:15:50.657", "lastModified": "2026-01-06T15:09:16.853", "vulnStatus": "Analyzed", "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "The OTA firmware update mechanism in Netun Solutions HelpFlash IoT (firmware v18_178_221102_ASCII_PRO_1R5_50) uses hard-coded WiFi credentials identical across all devices and does not authenticate update servers or validate firmware signatures. An attacker with brief physical access can activate OTA mode (8-second button press), create a malicious WiFi AP using the known credentials, and serve malicious firmware via unauthenticated HTTP to achieve arbitrary code execution on this safety-critical emergency signaling device."}], "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "type": "Secondary", "cvssData": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 6.6, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "attackVector": "PHYSICAL", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH"}, "exploitabilityScore": 0.7, "impactScore": 5.9}]}, "weaknesses": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "type": "Secondary", "description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-319"}, {"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-494"}, {"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-798"}]}], "configurations": [{"operator": "AND", "nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:netun:helpflash_iot_firmware:18_178_221102_ascii_pro_1r5_50:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "73ECD6A5-17B9-4F59-A643-27B4A7DD0828"}]}, {"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": false, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:netun:helpflash_iot:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "0E7A00CC-0A47-4690-9652-74AEFA5F53DD"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/v4.3.2/", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Product"]}, {"url": "https://luismirandaacebedo.github.io/CVE-2025-65855/", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Third Party Advisory"]}]}}