Security Vulnerability Report
中文
CVE-2025-48813 CVSS 6.3 MEDIUM

CVE-2025-48813

Published: 2025-10-14 17:15:43
Last Modified: 2025-10-23 15:48:52

Description

Use of a key past its expiration date in Virtual Secure Mode allows an authorized attacker to perform spoofing locally.

CVSS Details

CVSS Score
6.3
Severity
MEDIUM
CVSS Vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

Configurations (Affected Products)

cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1809:*:*:*:*:*:*:x64:* - VULNERABLE
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1809:*:*:*:*:*:*:x86:* - VULNERABLE
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_21h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_22h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_22h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE
Windows 10 (所有版本)
Windows 11 (所有版本)
Windows Server 2019 及更早版本
Windows Server 2022
Windows Server 2025

PoC / Exploit Code

⚠ For Security Research Only
The following code is for security research and authorized testing only.
python
# CVE-2025-48813 PoC - Conceptual Exploit for VSM Expired Key Spoofing # Note: This is a conceptual PoC based on vulnerability description. # Actual exploitation requires deep knowledge of Windows VSM internals. import subprocess import ctypes import sys # Step 1: Check if current user has local access (required: PR:L) def check_local_access(): """Verify we have local low-privileged access""" try: result = subprocess.run(['whoami'], capture_output=True, text=True) print(f"[+] Current user: {result.stdout.strip()}") return True except Exception as e: print(f"[-] Access check failed: {e}") return False # Step 2: Check VSM/VBS status on the system def check_vsm_status(): """Check if Virtual Secure Mode is enabled""" try: result = subprocess.run( ['powershell', '-Command', '(Get-CimInstance -Class Win32_DeviceGuard -Namespace root\Microsoft\Windows\DeviceGuard).VirtualizationBasedSecurityStatus'], capture_output=True, text=True ) print(f"[+] VBS Status: {result.stdout.strip()}") return result.stdout.strip() except Exception as e: print(f"[-] VSM check failed: {e}") return None # Step 3: Attempt to exploit expired key in VSM # The vulnerability allows using keys past their expiration date def exploit_expired_key(): """ Conceptual exploit: The VSM fails to properly invalidate expired keys. An attacker with local access can attempt to leverage expired keys for spoofing operations within the VSM context. """ print("[*] CVE-2025-48813 - VSM Expired Key Spoofing") print("[*] Attempting to leverage expired key vulnerability...") # In a real exploit, the attacker would: # 1. Identify expired VSM security keys still accepted by the system # 2. Use these keys to forge authentication tokens # 3. Perform spoofing operations within the VSM protected context # 4. Potentially bypass Credential Guard protections # This requires interaction with low-level Windows kernel structures # and VSM security subsystem internals print("[!] This is a conceptual demonstration only") print("[!] Actual exploitation requires kernel-level access and") print("[!] detailed knowledge of VSM key management internals") if __name__ == "__main__": if check_local_access(): vsm_status = check_vsm_status() if vsm_status: exploit_expired_key() else: print("[-] VSM not detected or not enabled") else: print("[-] Local access required for exploitation")

References

Raw JSON Data

JSON
{"cve": {"id": "CVE-2025-48813", "sourceIdentifier": "[email protected]", "published": "2025-10-14T17:15:42.550", "lastModified": "2025-10-23T15:48:52.080", "vulnStatus": "Analyzed", "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "Use of a key past its expiration date in Virtual Secure Mode allows an authorized attacker to perform spoofing locally."}], "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Secondary", "cvssData": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N", "baseScore": 6.3, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "attackComplexity": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "userInteraction": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "availabilityImpact": "NONE"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.0, "impactScore": 5.2}, {"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Primary", "cvssData": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N", "baseScore": 4.7, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "attackComplexity": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "userInteraction": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "availabilityImpact": "NONE"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.0, "impactScore": 3.6}]}, "weaknesses": [{"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Secondary", "description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-324"}]}], "configurations": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1809:*:*:*:*:*:*:x64:*", "versionEndExcluding": "10.0.17763.7919", "matchCriteriaId": "E216CD5B-8885-4E17-8718-97E88A724A44"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1809:*:*:*:*:*:*:x86:*", "versionEndExcluding": "10.0.17763.7919", "matchCriteriaId": "36E44227-0320-43B1-A0D9-EB28B25CDB4D"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_21h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "10.0.19044.6456", "matchCriteriaId": "1485A427-10FF-4C39-9911-4C6F1820BE7F"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_22h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "10.0.19045.6456", "matchCriteriaId": "26CAACAA-3FE8-4740-8CF2-6BF3D069C47F"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_22h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "10.0.22621.6060", "matchCriteriaId": "6F387FA2-66C8-4B70-A537-65806271F16A"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_23h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndIncluding": "10.0.22631.6060", "matchCriteriaId": "4AF873E4-B2FE-4504-BFF0-FC71121FC9A4"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_24h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "10.0.26100.6899", "matchCriteriaId": "41E9F7AC-8E6D-43A0-A157-48A5E0B5BD0D"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_25h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "10.0.26200.6899", "matchCriteriaId": "3B77A066-4F79-4B1F-AECF-58DB4C651EA5"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2019:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "10.0.17763.7919", "matchCriteriaId": "20810926-AEC9-4C09-9C52-B4B8FADECF3A"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2022:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "10.0.20348.4294", "matchCriteriaId": "B1C1EA69-6BB8-4E59-8659-43581FDB48B7"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2022_23h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "10.0.25398.1913", "matchCriteriaId": "370C12D6-90EF-44BE-8070-AA0080C12600"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2025:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndIncluding": "10.0.26100.6899", "matchCriteriaId": "CD6268EB-C42B-406F-B3FF-6E694F93BF41"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-48813", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Vendor Advisory"]}]}}