CVE-2025-12439

Description

Inappropriate implementation in App-Bound Encryption in Google Chrome on Windows prior to 142.0.7444.59 allowed a local attacker to obtain potentially sensitive information from process memory via a malicious file. (Chromium security severity: Medium)

CVSS Details

CVSS Score

5.5

Severity

MEDIUM

CVSS Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Configurations (Affected Products)

cpe:2.3:a:google:chrome:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* - VULNERABLE

cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* - NOT VULNERABLE

Google Chrome (Windows) < 142.0.7444.59

PoC / Exploit Code

⚠ For Security Research Only

The following code is for security research and authorized testing only.

python

// CVE-2025-12439 PoC - Chrome App-Bound Encryption Information Disclosure
// This PoC demonstrates the vulnerability concept (for educational purposes only)

const fs = require('fs');

// Malicious file generator for CVE-2025-12439
function generateMaliciousFile() {
    const maliciousContent = `<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>CVE-2025-12439 Test</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Chrome App-Bound Encryption Vulnerability Test</h1>
    <p>This file attempts to trigger the App-Bound encryption issue in Chrome < 142.0.7444.59</p>
    <script>
        // The actual exploit would leverage memory access through
        // Chrome's App-Bound encryption implementation flaw
        console.log('Triggering potential memory disclosure...');
        
        // In a real attack scenario, this would involve:
        // 1. Exploiting the improper App-Bound encryption handling
        // 2. Reading process memory through the vulnerable code path
        // 3. Extracting encrypted credentials or sensitive data
        
        // Note: This is a placeholder PoC structure
        // Actual exploitation requires specific memory manipulation techniques
    </script>
</body>
</html>`;
    
    fs.writeFileSync('malicious_cve_2025_12439.html', maliciousContent);
    console.log('Malicious file created: malicious_cve_2025_12439.html');
}

// Attack scenario description
const attackScenario = {
    'step_1': 'Attacker creates a malicious file exploiting App-Bound encryption flaw',
    'step_2': 'Attacker delivers file to victim via social engineering or other methods',
    'step_3': 'Victim opens the malicious file in Chrome on Windows',
    'step_4': 'Chrome processes the file and triggers the vulnerable code path',
    'step_5': 'Attacker leverages the flaw to read sensitive data from process memory',
    'step_6': 'Encrypted credentials or other protected data is extracted'
};

// Mitigation check
function checkVersion(version) {
    const affectedVersion = '142.0.7444.59';
    console.log(`Current Chrome version: ${version}`);
    console.log(`Affected versions: < ${affectedVersion}`);
    return version >= affectedVersion;
}

generateMaliciousFile();
console.log('Attack scenario:', JSON.stringify(attackScenario, null, 2));

References

[1] CVE.org https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-12439
[2] NVD NIST https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12439
[3] CVE Details https://www.cvedetails.com/cve/CVE-2025-12439/
[4] VulDB https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2025-12439
[5] https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2025/10/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_28.html
[6] https://issues.chromium.org/issues/382234536

Raw JSON Data

JSON

{"cve": {"id": "CVE-2025-12439", "sourceIdentifier": "[email protected]", "published": "2025-11-10T20:15:38.647", "lastModified": "2025-11-13T15:24:28.413", "vulnStatus": "Analyzed", "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "Inappropriate implementation in App-Bound Encryption in Google Chrome on Windows prior to 142.0.7444.59 allowed a local attacker to obtain potentially sensitive information from process memory via a malicious file. (Chromium security severity: Medium)"}], "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "type": "Secondary", "cvssData": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N", "baseScore": 5.5, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "availabilityImpact": "NONE"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 3.6}]}, "weaknesses": [{"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Primary", "description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-326"}]}], "configurations": [{"operator": "AND", "nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:google:chrome:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "142.0.7444.59", "matchCriteriaId": "B56189F0-45F6-4A5B-AFFD-07B20B001040"}]}, {"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": false, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "A2572D17-1DE6-457B-99CC-64AFD54487EA"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2025/10/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_28.html", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Release Notes", "Vendor Advisory"]}, {"url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/382234536", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Exploit", "Issue Tracking"]}]}}